Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by primary and secondary injury mechanisms. TBI induces a certain amount of inflammatory responses and glutamate excitotoxicity that are believed to participate in the pathogenesis of secondary injury. The non‐narcotic anti‐tussive drug dextromethorphan (DM) has been reported to have a high safety profile in humans and its neuroprotective against a variety...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Unfavorable TBI outcomes result from primary mechanical injuries to the brain and ensuing secondary non-mechanical injuries that are not limited to the brain. Our genome-wide association study of Drosophila melanogaster revealed that the probability of death following TBI is associated with single nucleotide polymo...

emotion regulation difficulties are from the factors that caused the incidents and automobile accidents and work related. this study aimed to comparing emotion regulation difficulties in mild traumatic brain injury (tbi) patients and normal people in kashan.the study was performed on 30 tbi patients referred to shahid beheshti hospital in kashan city and 30 normal people in kashan. tbi patients...

The cognitive and behavioural deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the immature brain are more severe and persistent than TBI in the mature brain. Understanding this developmental sensitivity is critical as children under four years of age sustain TBI more frequently than any other age group. Microglia (MG), resident immune cells of the brain that mediate neuroinflammation, are ac...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are potent neurotrophic and neurorepair that were recently proposed as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) associated psychiatric comorbidities, in particular post-traumatic stress disorder (PSTD). We tested the hypothesis IGF system is differentially deregulated acute early chronic stages TBI, under stress. Plasma IGF1 IGF2 levels evaluated mice 3 weeks...

Scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are being investigated for their ability to facilitate brain tissue remodeling and repair following injury. The present study tested the hypothesis that implantation of brain-derived ECM would attenuate experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explored potential underlying mechanisms. TBI was induced in mice by a controlled cortical impact (...

The current study was designed to address the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on plasticity and reorganization in the juvenile brain. Given that two of the major pathological sequelae of TBI involve a generalized neuroexcitation insult and diffuse axonal injury, we have employed models of these pathologies, delivered either independently or in combination, to examine their effects on in...

Secondary insults such as brain edema are an important and relatively common event occurring after traumatic injury (TBI), leading to consequences raised intracranial pressure cerebral herniation. Further, posttraumatic inflammatory changes known significantly contribute neuronal dysfunction.

Traumatic brain injury is considered as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apart from primary mechanical injury, Secondary injuries due to inflammation and apoptosis result in great neuronal damage. Current treatments are not able to regenerate the damaged part and prevent future sequels. Using human stem cells with self-assembling scaffolds may be promising in treatme...

Brain injury survivors, particularly those injured early in life are very likely to abuse drugs and alcohol later in life. Alcohol abuse following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with poorer rehabilitation outcomes and a greatly increased chance of suffering future head trauma. Thus, substance abuse among persons with brain injury reduces the chances for positive long-term outcomes a...