Kainic acid (KA) is a potent neuroexcitatory drug widely used in the experimental study of seizure activity. Subcutaneous injection of KA into rats (10 mg/kg in saline 10 mg/ml; pH 7.0) induced longlasting status epilepticus followed by damage of CNS tissue in the entorhinal/pyriform cortex and in the hippocampus. The studies covered by this report demonstrated the formation of cytotoxic brain ...

Hemoglobin degradation products result in brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recent studies found that intracerebral infusion of heme oxygenase inhibitors reduces hemoglobin- and ICH-induced brain edema in rats and pigs. The present study examined whether systemic use of zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase inhibitor, can attenuate brain edema, behavioral deficits, and b...

The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of curcumin (CU) against brain edema in a rat model of hypoxia-hypercapnia (HH)-induced brain damage (HHBD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, including a control group and four treatment groups. The rats in the control group were raised under normal laboratory conditions and were injected with water, whereas t...

The state of water in cerebral ischemia was studied by using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method. Cerebral ischemia was induced experimentally in Mongolian gerbils by unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery. Longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the ischemic brain were measured with a pulse FT-NMR spectrometer and the water content was determined b...

Aim: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Since water-solublefullerene derivatives act as the potent scavenger of oxygen free radicals in biological systems, we aimedto investigate the possible protective effects of fullerol nanoparticles on brain infarction and edema intransient model of focal cerebral ischemia in rat.Materials & Methods: Experiment ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of brain edema in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and minimal hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains undefined. This study evaluated the role of brain lactate, glutamine and organic osmolytes, including myo-inositol and taurine, in the development of brain edema in a rat model of cirrhosis. METHODS Six-week bile-duct ligated (BDL) rats were injected w...

We report an extremely rare case of pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) caused by trauma. A 61-year-old man suffered from brain contusion by a traffic accident. He was neurologically normal on admission. However, his headache gradually worsened, and partial seizures occurred thereafter. He presented with general tonic seizure 7 days after the head injury. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated th...

Background Brain metastases occur in 10-30% of cancer patients with solid extracranial tumors. These tumors are commonly angiogenic and disruption of the blood brain barrier results in edema through the accumulation of extracellular fluid. This vasogenic edema causes injury through raising the intracranial pressure and displacement and damage of brain tissue, resulting in morbidity and mortalit...

Aquaporin-4 water channels play a central role in brain water regulation in neurological disorders. Aquaporin-4 is abundantly expressed at the astroglial endfeet facing the cerebral vasculature and the pial membrane, and both its expression level and subcellular localization significantly influence brain water transport. However, measurements of aquaporin-4 levels in animal models of brain inju...

Glioma-related edema (GRE) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality from glioma. GRE is a complicated process involving not only peritumoral edema but also the water content of the tumor body. In terms of etiology, this condition derives from both GRE in the untreated state and GRE secondary to clinical intervention, and different cell types contribute to distinct components of G...