Humans use touch to maintain their social relationships, and the emotional qualities of depend on who touches whom. However, it is not known how affective dimensions are processed in brain. We measured haemodynamic brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 19 subjects (10 males), while they were touched upper thigh by either romantic partner, or an unfamiliar female ...

Introduction: Barrel cortex of rats is a part of somatosensory cortex, which receives information from facial whiskers. Vibrisectomy by sensory deprivation leads to some changes in the barrel cortex, which have been known as experience dependent plasticity. On the other hand, Norepinephrine (NE) and locus coeruleus, which is the main source of NE, influenced response properties of cortical bar...

Cognitive models in psychology and neuroscience widely assume that the human brain maintains an abstract representation of tasks. This assumption is fundamental to theories explaining how we learn quickly, think creatively, act flexibly. However, neural evidence for a verifiably generative task has been lacking. Here, report experimental paradigm requires forming such adaptively novel condition...

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies in vision tasks have gradually begun to be applied the physical world, proving they are vulnerable adversarial attacks. Thus, importance of improving robustness against attacks has emerged as an urgent issue tasks. This article aims provide a historical summary evolution and defense methods on CNN-based models also introduces studies focusin...

The role of executive function training in supporting child development has been increasingly studied. Executive is largely related to the prefrontal cortex. anterior portion cortex, which area 10 on Brodmann map, essential for emergence higher-order functions. Accumulating evidence indicates that mental abacus training, closely mathematics education, activates Based these findings, it can be h...

Background: Although in 2017 a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocol received Food and Drug Administration approval for the first time treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), which neural target should be used OCD are still debated. The aim present study was to perform systematic review meta-analysis available open sham-controlled trials. Methods: primary analys...

Introduction: Nitric oxide seems to play a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Few studies have investigated whether it exacerbates or improves brain edema. In the present study, we inhibited the activity of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME and evaluated the cerebral infarct volume, tissue swelling and brain edema, alongside the measurement of blood flow of the ischemic region. Methods...

Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute subjective mental states oneself and others significantly impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A frontal-posterior network regions including ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) temporoparietal junction (TPJ) involved ToM. Previous studies show an underactivation these ASD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) a noninvasive bra...