Pathogens causing bovine respiratory tract disease in Finland were investigated. Eighteen cattle herds with bovine respiratory disease were included. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for closer examination and tracheobronchial lavage. Blood samples were taken from the calves at the time of the investigation and from 86 calves 3-4 weeks later. In addition, 6-10 blood samples from ...

Infection with human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) type I occurs mainly in Japan, central and west Africa, and the Caribbean basin. Infection confers a lifetime risk of 2-4% for adult T cell leukaemia or lymphoma and 0.2-5% for tropical spastic paraparesis. However, the incubation period for these conditions after naturally acquired infection may be several decades. The virus is transm...

Retroviruses are commonly associated with neurological disease in animals, for example, inflammatory encephalomyelopathies of sheep (visna virus),' horses (equine infectious anaemia virus), goats (caprine encephalitis/arthritis virus)2 and mice (murine leukaemia virus).3 The first retrovirus shown to be pathogenic in humans was discovered by Gallo's group4 who demonstrated that human lymphotrop...

The aetiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas remains a controversial matter, but, recently, evidence has emerged showing that these neoplastic aberrations of the immune system may be due to viruses, at least in some cases. In fact, patients affected by an inherited immune deficiency, and those presenting disease characterized by autoimmune dysfunctions, show an increased risk for the development of...

A technique using indirect immunoperoxidase antibody was developed for the detection of specific serum IgA antibody to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen and early antigen. The IgA technique was compared with an immunofluorescence antibody method. Epstein-Barr virus IgA antibody against viral capsid antigen was detected in all nine patients with Epstein-Barr virus associated undifferentiated nas...

Hypercalcaemia occurs in up to 80% of patients with adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma (ATLL) associated with human T-cell leukaemia virus-1 infection. Elevated serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, implicated in the pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia in lymphoma, and of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is associated with hypercalcaemia of several solid malignancies, were de...

a serological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections in water buffalo (bubalusbubalis) in ahvaz, which is the center of the khouzestan province in iran. for this purpose, blood samples were taken from 310 slaughtered buffaloes at the abattoir. sera were tested via the serum neutralization test. serum neutralization was performed ...