The study investigated local determinants of substance use in rural Kenya. Over the years, there has been a growing concern over increased use of substances across ages, gender, religious persuasions, and social class in Kenya. It is still unclear what psychosocial individual and/or community factors might be that offer some explanation for the high levels of alcohol and drug use. The study inv...

The use of pesticides in Mexican agriculture creates an interest in learning about the presence of these substances in different environmental matrices. Glyphosate (GLY) is an herbicide widely used in the state of Campeche, located in the Mayan zone in the western Yucatan peninsula. Despite the fact that GLY is considered a non-toxic pesticide to humans, its presence in water bodies through spi...

AIMS We compared the applicability of catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) and FISH to enumerate prokaryotic populations in ultra-oligotrophic alpine groundwaters and bottled mineral water METHODS AND RESULTS Fluorescent oligonucleotide probes EUB338 and EUB338mix (EUB338/EUB338-II/EUB338-III) were used to enumerate bacteria and probes EURY806 and CREN5...

Abstract Packaged designers must be able to select packaging elements that characterize products, communicate brand and create into attractive media attract consumers purchase products among the various available products. The aim of this study is understand visual design concepts structural in aloe vera bottled bottles. method used for development a product focuses on consumer perceptions link...

A cross-sectional survey using computer-assisted telephone interviewing was performed to assess the drinking water consumption patterns in a Canadian community, and to examine the associations between these patterns and various demographic characteristics. The median amount of water consumed daily was four 250 ml servings (1.01), although responses were highly variable (0 to 8.01). Bottled wate...

Monthly data derived from the Nielsen HomeScan Panel for calendar years 1998 through 2003 are used to estimate quantity-wise and calorie-wise effects of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages and bottled water. Quantity diversion ratios and caloric diversion ratios are provided identifying where the volumes and calories respectively, of the sugar-sweetened beverages and bottled water are directed a...

A pooled analysis of seven cross-sectional studies from Newfoundland and Labrador, Waterloo and Hamilton Regions, Ontario and Vancouver, East Kootenay and Northern Interior Regions, British Columbia (2001 to 2007) was performed to investigate the drinking water consumption patterns of Canadians and to identify factors associated with the volume of tap water consumed. The mean volume of tap wate...

BACKGROUND Disinfection by-products in drinking water are chemical contaminants that have been associated with cancer and other adverse effects. Exposure occurs from consumption of tap water, inhalation and dermal absorption. METHODS We determined the relationship between socioeconomic status and exposure to disinfection by-products in 1271 controls from a multicentric bladder cancer case-con...

The levels of formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and in commercial mineral water are reported. All the water samples bottled in Japan contained detectable levels of FA (10.1-27.9 microg l(-1)) and AA (44.3-107.8 microg l(-1)). Of 11 European bottled water samples, eight did not contain either FA or AA, while the remaining three had detectable lev...

A cross-regional comparative study was conducted to survey the drinking behaviors of university students, in Singapore, Hong Kong, and Macau. In particular, I tested students’ preference for bottled water over filtered tap water, in a context where the latter option is widely accessible, free of charge, and meets drinking standards. It was found that Singapore has a relatively low rate of bottl...