Osteoporotic fractures are the result of low density and especially inferior bone quality (microarchitecture) caused by both internal (genes, hormones) and external (life style) influences. Bone mechanosensors are extremely important for the overall integrity of the skeleton, because in response to mechanical load they activate its modeling, resulting in an increase in bone density and strength...

(1) Clinical Significance Bone strength governs fracture risk and reflects the integration of two main features: bone mass or density and bone quality. Bone mineral density (BMD) is expressed as grams of mineral per area or volume and in any given individual is determined by peak bone mass and amount of bone loss. Bone quality refers to trabecular bone architecture, turnover, damage accumulatio...

Cyclical intravenous therapy with pamidronate improves the clinical course in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In this study, we evaluated the effect of this therapy on lumbar spine bone mass (bone mineral content [BMC]), size (bone volume [BV]), and density (volumetric bone mineral density [vBMD]). Results from 56 patients (age, 0.2-15.9 years; 25 girls) on long-term...

Irisin and FGF21 are novel hormones implicated in the "browning" of white fat, thermogenesis, and energy homeostasis. However, there are no data regarding these hormones in amenorrheic athletes (AA) (a chronic energy deficit state) compared with eumenorrheic athletes (EA) and non-athletes. We hypothesized that irisin and FGF21 would be low in AA, an adaptive response to low energy stores. Furth...

BACKGROUND Bone mass density is an important parameter used in the estimation of the severity and depth of lesions in osteoporosis. Estimation of bone density using existing methods in experimental models has its advantages as well as drawbacks. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the X-ray histogram edge detection technique was used to estimate the bone mass density in ovariectomized rats t...

Obesity's protective effect on bone density may be mediated through increased muscle mass, fat mass, increased estrogen, and possibly insulin and leptin levels. To determine the impact of leptin and insulin on bone metabolism, we studied 48 obese normally cycling premenopausal women (age, 31 +/- 10 yr; body mass index, 35.7 +/- 5 kg/m2): 28 insulin resistant (IR) and 20 insulin sensitive (IS) b...

OBJECTIVE To study the relation between muscle force, bone mass, and metabolic control in patients with glycogen storage disease type (GSD 1). STUDY DESIGN Distal radius bone mass and density were evaluated in 19 patients with GSD 1 (15 GSD 1a, 4 GSD 1b) by means of peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Grip force was quantified with a dynamometer. RESULTS Height, weight, bone mass, ...

In recent years, there has been growing concern about the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) at an early age and its effects on bone mass in adolescents. Adolescence is considered a critical period for bone mass gain. Impaired bone acquisition during this phase can lead to "suboptimal" peak bone mass and increase the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures in old age. The objective o...

Progressive loss of bone mineral density around the femora! component of total hip replacement continues to pose a threat to long term prosthetic survival. A linear study was undertaken to measure bone mineral density on a monthly basis following total hip arthroplasty in 11 male patients. The opposite femur was used as the control measurement. Bone mineral density was unchanged at two mo...