The Parkes Weber syndrome is a congenital vascular malformation, characterized by varicose veins, arterio-venous fistulas and overgrown limbs. No broadly accepted animal model of Parkes Weber syndrome has been described. We created side-to-side arterio-venous fistula between common femoral vessels with proximal non-absorbable ligature on common femoral vein limiting the enlargement of the vein ...

Cerebral venous drainage in humans is thought to be ensured mainly via the internal jugular veins (IJVs). However, anatomic, angiographic, and ultrasound studies suggest that the vertebral venous system serves as an important alternative drainage route. We assessed venous blood volume flow in vertebral veins (VVs) and IJVs of 12 healthy volunteers using duplex ultrasound. Measurements were perf...

CHRONIC simple glaucoma is a syndrome well established in ophthalmic practice, but its aetiology is still unknown. Fundamentally this must be related to the question of how the intra-ocular pressure is maintained at a constant level. The many theories which have been advanced to explain the cause of this disease fall into two groups postulating either a hypersecretion ofaqueous humour or an obs...

Introduction:- The coronary sinus is a collection of veins, joined together to form large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium) 1. Most cardiac veins drain into wide sinus, 2 or 3 cm long, lying in posterior atrioventricular groove between left atrium and ventricle.2 opens right opening inferior vena cava orifice. An endocardial fold may guard entrance valve Thebesian Va...

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) is a rare disorder characterised by partial or complete diversion of portomesenteric blood into systemic veins via congenital shunts. Type I is characterised by complete lack of intrahepatic portal venous blood flow due to an end to side fistula between main portal vein and the inferior vena cava. Type II on the other hand is characterised by p...

I T HAS been demonstrated by Fahraeus’4 that normal red blood cells have a tendency to bcccme spheroidal in shape after standing in vitro at body ternperature. G#{228}nsslen,5 Haden6 and Castle and Daland7 have shown that spheroidal red cells are more susceptible to osmotic hemolysis than are normal corpuscles. Haden found that normal red cells when suspended in graded hypotonic salt solutions ...

OBJECTIVE Impaired endothelial function, characterized by nitric oxide scavenging by increased superoxide production, is a hallmark of vascular disease states. However, molecular mechanisms regulating superoxide production in human blood vessels remain poorly defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared endothelial function, vascular superoxide production, and the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase su...

Public interest in laser and light treatment of leg veins is high, and, under the right circumstances, excellent results can be achieved with this treatment modality. With any laser or light source treatment, reverse pressure from associated reticular or varicose veins must be recognized and eliminated; otherwise, the treatment is doomed to fail. Many patients benefit from a combination of trea...