The historical development of nanoparticles starting with Paul Ehrlich and then first attempts by Ursula Scheffel and colleagues and the extensive work by the group of Professor Peter Speiser at the ETH Zürich in the late 1960s and early 1970s are described from a personal point of view. Special attention is given to the years between 1970 and the early 1980s. Further developments resulting fro...

Objective: Collateral circulation is essential for cerebral perfusion and the maintenance of metabolism function. The clinical factors affecting collateral in brain still unknown. In presence slowly developing stenosis, decrease blood flow can be compensated by adequate circulation, signs hemodynamic deterioration may not observed. Case: This case with a 6-year retrospective record only right I...

Assessment of Cerebral Circulation (Cortical Blood Flow) with an Infrared Microscope • An infrared microscope was used for the remote detection of the surface temperature of the cerebral cortex of experimental cats. With this instrument a qualitative assessment of the circulation of the cerebral cortex can be made without interference with the integrity of the brain or vascular tissues or the r...

Being overweight or obese is associated with an increased risk for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia of obesity is characterized by elevated fasting triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. Endothelial damage and dysfunction is considered to be a major underlying mechanism fo...

The blood-bathed organ technique was used to detect and continuously estimate the concentration of prostaglandins E 1 , E 2 , and F 2 in the circulation, to determine their stability in tihe blood and their disappearance in different vascular beds. Prostaglandins are released into the splenic venous blood duringspleen contractions. The pulmonary circulation provides an efficient protective mech...

OBJECTIVE Hydrocephalus is much more complex than a simple disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Shunting primarily corrects disturbed fluid flow which may have an impact on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. We studied hydrocephalic patients before and after shunting to characterize changes in their CSF compensatory parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected 25 patients and s...