context traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a leading cause of death, disability, and resource consumption per year. there are two kinds of brain injury in tbi, primary and secondary injuries. primary injury refers to the initial physical forces applied to the brain at the moment of impact. secondary injury occurs over a period of hours or days following the initial trauma and results from the acti...

The blood-based diagnosis has a potential to provide an alternative approach for easy diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with less invasiveness and low-cost. However, present blood-based AD diagnosis mainly focuses on measuring the plasma Aβ level because no other biomarkers are found to possess evident transport mechanisms to pass the blood-brain barrier. In order to avoid diagnosing non-de...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complicated CNS syndrome. Looking beyond the CNS, recent studies suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cells could cause and/or exacerbate PTSD. This review summarizes the literature, describes associations between circulating peripheral blood cells and PTSD, proposes a novel mechanism, and analyzes several biomarkers that appear to associate with ...

BACKGROUND Early prognostication of neurological outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA) is important for devising patient treatment strategies. However, there is still a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers for easy identification of these patients. We evaluated whether molecular signatures from blood of CA patients might help to improve the prediction of neurological outco...

BACKGROUND The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease...

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are urgently needed for both early and accurate diagnosis and prediction of disease progression. Past research has studied blood-based proteins as potential AD biomarkers, revealing many candidate proteins. To date only limited effort has been made to investigate the disease specificity of AD candidate proteins and whether these proteins are also i...

The nonspecific and variable presentation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has motivated an intense search for blood-based biomarkers that can objectively predict the severity of injury. However, it is not known how cytosolic proteins released from traumatized brain tissue reach the peripheral blood. Here we show in a murine TBI model that CSF movement through the recently characterized glymphat...

The differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) remains difficult despite the availability of numerous diagnostic tools. The current study aimed to evaluate the performance of the whole blood QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay and conventional laboratory biomarkers in differential diagnosis of TPE and MPE in high tuberculosis preval...

Blood transcriptome reflects the status of diseases, and characteristic molecular signature provides a novel window on gene expression preceding acute coronary events. We aim to determine blood transcriptome-based molecular signature of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and to identify novel serum biomarkers for early stage ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We obtained peripheral...

PURPOSE To generate a comprehensive "Secretome" of proteins potentially found in the blood and derive a virtual Affymetrix array. To validate the utility of this database for the discovery of novel serum-based biomarkers using ovarian cancer transcriptomic data. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The secretome was constructed by aggregating the data from databases of known secreted proteins, transmembrane o...