Alcohol primarily interferes with the ability to form new long-term memories, leaving intact previously established long-term memories and the ability to keep new information active in memory for brief periods. As the amount of alcohol consumed increases, so does the magnitude of the memory impairments. Large amounts of alcohol, particularly if consumed rapidly, can produce partial (i.e., fragm...

Deregulation has created new market pressures for innovation across many national infrastructures. This, in turn, creates complex interdependencies. For example, in previous years both the US and European energy markets relied upon vertical integration. The same companies that generated the power were also, typically, responsible for its transmission to consumers. This market structure creates ...

a Rotman School of Management and Department of Economics, University of Toronto, 105 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E6, Canada b Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1Z8, Canada c NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambrigde, MA, 02138-5398, USA d Department of Economics, Michigan State University, Marshall-Adams H...

Power system reliability has been thrust into the limelight by recent blackouts around the world. The social and economic costs of these failures can add up to billions of dollars every year. As the digital age prevails, more efficient manufacturing processes, based on computers and power electronics, have come to dominate industry. As the portion of electricity in the total energy consumption ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate acoustic characteristics which distinguish ejectives from pulmonic stops in Ingush (a Northeast Caucasian language), and to compare Ingush ejectives to those of other languages. The articulation of ejectives is relatively well understood, but their acoustic effects are less clear. Working with a native speaker of Ingush, ejectives and pulmonic voicele...

The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 brought about huge power shortage. In order to avoid blackouts, the Japanese society reduced its power demand by 12 % in the summer of 2011. TOKYO and TOHOKU areas, where power shortage was especially severe and mandatory rationing of 15 % was introduced, reduced its power demand by almost 20 %. This paper gives overview of the power saving activiti...

A defining aspect of human cooperation is the use of sophisticated indirect reciprocity. We observe others, talk about others, and act accordingly. We help those who help others, and we cooperate expecting that others will cooperate in return. Indirect reciprocity is based on reputation, which spreads by communication. A crucial aspect of indirect reciprocity is observability: reputation effect...

A communication blackout is one of the major problems that occurs during reentry a satellite into Earth’s atmosphere, which caused by plasma blocking electromagnetic waves near for telecommunication. Moreover, it prevents tracking and data transmission, resulting in inaccurate prediction landing sites loss. Therefore, there necessity to evaluate propagation mitigate blackout. An inflatable aero...

The main causes of destructive steam and gas explosions with catastrophic environmental consequences during the accidents at Fukushima-Daiichi NPP were loss tightness passive safety systems reactor residual fuel removal system critical heat function in spent nuclear holding tank . lesson Fukushima accident for Ukraine's power industry is need to anticipate possibility unlikely emergency events ...

The electric power system is one of the cornerstones of modern society. One of its most serious malfunctions is the blackout, a catastrophic event that may disrupt a substantial portion of the system, playing havoc to human life and causing great economic losses. Thus, understanding the mechanisms leading to blackouts and creating a reliable and resilient power grid has been a major issue, attr...