Bite force, a measure of performance, can be used to link anatomical form and function. Earlier studies have shown bite force to have a significant influence on dietary constraints and ontogenetic shifts in resource utilization. The bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo, is a durophagous member of the family Sphyrnidae. Its diet in South Florida waters consists almost entirely of blue crabs, which a...

nail biting (nb) is a common, but unresolved, problem in psychiatry, psychology, medicine and dentistry. while it seems that nb is a simple behavior that can be stopped easily, many of the children with nb have already tried to stop it, but they have not been successful. the frustrations due to failed attempt involve others such as parents and siblings. the present review aims at providing an o...

Effective indoor residual spraying against malaria vectors depends on whether mosquitoes rest indoors (i.e., endophilic behavior). This varies among species and is affected by insecticidal irritancy. Exophilic behavior has evolved in certain populations exposed to prolonged spraying programs. Optimum effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets presumably depends on vectors biting at hours when mo...

The purpose of this study was to survey the parent-oriented factors such as marital satisfaction, parenting styles and attachment styles in parent of preschool and school children with nail biting problem and compare with control group. 400 preschool and school student from 4 district education in Shiraz was selected by available sampling method and their parent were asked to fill in thequestio...

Farmers claim that they need to tail-dock their piglets in order to stop them from biting each other’s tails. When part of the tail is docked, the remaining tail is very sensitive to touch or oral manipulation (SVC, 1997). As a result, a pig with a docked tail will move away much more quickly from an attempt at tail-biting than a pig with an intact tail, and will thereby prevent its tail being ...

The tendency to reduce crude protein (CP) levels in pig diets to increase protein efficiency may increase the occurrence of damaging behaviours such as ear and tail biting, particularly for pigs kept under suboptimal health conditions. We studied, in a 2×2×2 factorial design, 576 tail-docked growing-finishing entire male pigs in 64 pens, subjected to low (LSC) vs. high sanitary conditions (HSC)...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Crib-biting is an equine stereotype that may result in diseases such as colic. Certain breeds and management factors have been associated. OBJECTIVES To determine: breed prevalence of crib-biting in US horses; the likelihood that one horse learns to crib-bite from another; and owner perceptions of causal factors. METHODS An initial postal survey queried the numb...

The impact of a sustained release metofluthrin emanator and an allethrin-based mosquito coil on biting, movement and mortality of female Aedes aegypti was assessed in an apartment. In the room in which the metofluthrin emanator was activated, mosquito biting counts were reduced to zero. Metofluthrin also had a spillover effect, significantly (P < 0.001) reducing biting counts in a neighboring r...

In this paper, we present an algebraic construction of tail-biting trellises. The proposed method is based on the state space expressions, i.e., the state space is the image of the set of information sequences under the associated state matrix. Then combining with the homomorphism theorem, an algebraic trellis construction is obtained. We show that a tailbiting trellis constructed based on the ...