In just 20 years, the field of biosphere-atmosphere interactions has gone from a nascent discipline to a central area of modern climate change research. The development of terrestrial biosphere models that predict the responses of ecosystems to climate and increasing CO2 levels has highlighted several mechanisms by which changes in ecosystem composition and function might alter regional and glo...

We studied the history of F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania-Nova”, which can be divided into several periods. The first period is founding Askania-Nova estate by German Duke F. Anhalt-Kothen (1841). second associated with activities: organization a zoo semi-free animals (1874), establishment dendrological park artificial irrigation (1887), bequest virgin steppe territories (1898). next ...

The concept of a geomeride proposed by V.N. Beklemishev in 1928 and subsequently mistakenly forgotten is of basic significance for the development of the biosphere doctrine, global ecology, and stratigra phy. In the article, notions “biosphere,” “living matter,” and “geomeride” are discussed. The specified term “biogeomeride” is proposed to emphasize the significance of the living constituent o...

This paper aims to assess the current and potential role of UNESCO Transboundary Biosphere Reserves (TBRs) as a platform for cross-border-cooperation-enhancing sustainable development border areas characterised by unique natural cultural heritage but lagging in socio-economic terms. The study covered three TBRs located Polish–Ukrainian borderland: West Polesie, Roztocze East Carpathians. quanti...

The loss of biodiversity caused by human activity is assumed to alter ecosystem functioning. However our understanding of the magnitude of the effect of these changes on functional diversity and their impact on the dynamics of ecological processes is still limited. We analyzed the functional diversity of copro-necrophagous beetles under different conditions of land use in three Mexican biospher...

In this paper, based on error correction model by using panel data, an empirical analysis of demand for international reserves for 16 Islamic countries is investigated. Besides addressing conventional issues, the model explicitly incorporates the impact of expected export revenues and the impact of the exchange rate system on reserve demand. The results reveal that, short run money market diseq...

Studies on diversity of animal communities allow determination their species richness and composition. This information is particularly relevant to establish sound conservation programs in biosphere reserves, where human activities should be focused the sustainable use natural resources ensure biodiversity protection. study estimated determined composition activity patterns medium- large-sized ...

the purpose of establishing foreign reserves account in iran was mainly to secure iran's economy from the oil's price changes. it was to compensate for oil price reduction. but foreign reserves account withdrew excessively and did not allocate it optimally. that's why; it went for away from its practical purpose. this study focuses on the use of official assessment pattern to rev...

Human populations and their use of land have transformed most of the terrestrial biosphere into anthropogenic biomes (anthromes), causing a variety of novel ecological patterns and processes to emerge. To assess whether human populations and their use of land have directly altered the terrestrial biosphere sufficiently to indicate that the Earth system has entered a new geological epoch, spatia...