The goal of this project is to develop models that predict accurately coal and biomass gasification and combustion behaviors in the type environments likely to be established in advanced energy systems. This requires acquiring the information needed to understand and characterize the fundamental chemical and physical processes that govern coal and biomass conversion at high temperatures and pre...

Introduction The goal of this project is to develop models that predict accurately coal and biomass gasification and combustion behaviors in the type of environments likely to be established in advanced energy systems. This requires acquiring the information needed to understand and characterize the fundamental chemical and physical processes that govern coal and biomass conversion at high temp...

In this study, effect of biomass share on co-combustion of coal and biomass in a circulating fluidized bed is investigated by previously developed model. SO2 and NOx emission predictions of the model are compared with test results obtained from the laboratory-scale 30 kW (thermal) atmospheric test unit of 0.86 m i.d. and 7 m tall riser data published in the literature. Simulation results show t...

Torrefaction is a thermo-chemical process that reduces the moisture content of wood and transforms it into a brittle, char-type material. The thermo-chemical process can reduce the mass of wood by 20-30% resulting in a denser, higher-valued product that can be transported more economically than traditional wood chips. Through torrefaction, wood may retain 90% of the energy value. This energy de...

The two major pathways for energy utilization from biomass are conversion to a liquid fuel (i.e., biofuels) or conversion to electricity (i.e., biopower). In the United States (US), biomass policy has focused on biofuels. However, this paper will investigate three options for biopower: low co-firing (co-firing scenarios refer to combusting a given percentage of biomass with coal) (5%–10% biomas...

The biomass within two Early Pennsylvanian (Langsettian [Westphalian A] equivalent) penecontemporaneous swamp communities was sampled quantitatively to obtain an estimate of the taxonomic contribution to each assemblage. Blocks of organic-rich shale were removed from a clastic parting within the Black Creek Coal, and 0.5-m2 siltstone quadrats were chain-sawed from a clastic swamp community dire...

We propose a framework in support of the supply chain network design and management of densified biomass. This framework relies in the use of trucks for short distance biomass transportation, and relies in the use of rail for long-haul, and highvolume transportation of densified biomass. We propose a hub-and-spoke network design model in support of biomass delivery using rail transportation. We...

During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated either into bottom ash, or carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in f ly­ ash. If these minor but harmf itl elements are not properly isolated and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pol/ution to the air, soil and water. The stricter envi...

The coal burnout of a semi-anthracite was studied under oxy-firing conditions in an entrained flow reactor. The results obtained under oxy-fuel conditions were compared with those attained in air. The replacement of CO2 by 10 and 20% of steam in the oxyfuel combustion atmospheres was also evaluated in order to study the wet recirculation of flue gas. The results showed a decrease on coal burnou...