Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The primary prevention of CVD is dependent upon the ability to identify high-risk individuals long before the development of overt events. This highlights the need for accurate risk stratification. An increasing number of novel biomarkers have been identified to predict cardiovascular events. Biomarkers play a ...

Mortality among the patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) remains high because of the very high incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. Identifying CVD in patients with CKD/ESRD remains a significant hurdle and the early diagnosis and therapy for CVD is crucial in these patients. T...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem. Cardiovascular disease is common in CKD, but standard risk assessment tools perform poorly in this population. Equally, despite CKD being associated with an increased risk for death and dialysis, standard biochemical measurements have limited prognostic value. Novel serum biomarkers may aid risk assessment; however, studies have s...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) leads to cardiovascular complications such as coronary artery disease, left/right ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, heart failure, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias and stroke; and these all cardiovascular complications increase morbidity and mortality of OSAS. However, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, central and obstructive apneas may oc...

Biomarkers are an important aspect of research linking psychosocial stress and health. This article aims to characterize the biological pathways that may mediate the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and address opportunities for further research within the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), with a focus on psychosocial stressors related to S...

There are numerous particles, enzymes, and mechanisms in the lipid metabolism that are involved in the genesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given its prevalence in populations and its impact on mortality, it is relevant to review the lipid metabolism as it may potentially provide subsidies to better prediction. This article reviews the importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors a...

BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects in epidemiological studies. Current knowledge of independent effects of individual PM characteristics remains limited. METHODS Using a semi-experimental design we investigated which PM characteristics were consistently associated with blood biomarkers believed to be predictive of the...

B iomarkers are clinical, molecular, or image-based measurable parameters that can characterize an individual’s specific biological state, whether normal, pathological, or in response to treatment. A biomarker is considered of clinically valuable if (1) it can be measured repeatedly with accuracy and relatively rapid clinical turnaround, (2) it provides unique, superior information on patient s...

microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of posttranscriptional gene expression and play an important role in pathophysiological processes. Circulating miRNAs can be quantified in body liquids and are promising biomarkers in numerous diseases. In cardiovascular disease miRNAs have been proven to be reliable diagnostic biomarkers for different disease entities. In cardiac fibrosis (CF) and hea...

Objective To compare the reported effect sizes of cardiovascular biomarkers in datasets from observational studies with those in datasets from randomised controlled trials. Design Review of meta-analyses. Study selectionMeta-analyses of emerging cardiovascular biomarkers (not part of the Framingham risk score) that included datasets from at least one observational study and at least one randomi...