The main challenge for all electrical, mechanical and optical sensors is to detect low molecular weight (less than 400 Da) chemical and biological analytes under extremely dilute conditions. Surface plasmon resonance sensors are the most commonly used optical sensors due to their unique ability for real-time monitoring the molecular binding events. However, their sensitivities are insufficient ...

Chapter 1. An Introduction to Fluorescent Zn(II) Sensors and Their Applications in Biological Systems This chapter opens with an overview of the numerous roles of zinc in biology, with an emphasis on labile Zn(II), that is, loosely bound or kinetically available stores of the ion. The synthesis, characterization, and application of fluorescent sensors for Zn(II) detection constitute an active f...

Analysis of many biochemical processes is of great significance for clinical, biological, food, environmental as well as bioterror applications. But, exchanging of the biochemical information to kind of electronic signal is a defiance due to connecting an electronic tool directly to a biological surrounding. Electrochemical detection instrument due to its advantageous to analyze the subject of ...

At the retinal level, the strategies utilized by biological visual systems allow them to outperform machine vision systems, serving to motivate the design of electronic or \smart" sensors based on similar principles. Design of such sensors in silicon rst requires a model of retinal information processing which captures the essential features exhibited by biological retinas. In this report, a si...

Chemical sensors play an important role in our understanding of chemical and biological systems, providing sensitive rapid detection a variety substrates. Array-based sensing approaches a...

The implementation of neuromorphic methods has delivered promising results for vision and auditory sensors. These methods focus on mimicking the neuro-biological architecture to generate and process spike-based information with minimal power consumption. With increasing interest in developing low-power and robust chemical sensors, the application of neuromorphic engineering concepts for electro...