The issue of whether, and how, to obtain informed consent for research studies that use social network data has recently come to the fore in some controversial cases. Determining how to acquire valid consent that meets the expectations of participants, while minimising the burden placed on them, remains an open problem. We apply Nissenbaum’s model of contextual integrity to the consent process,...

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been found to be incompetent as it relates its mechanical integrity, which somewhat restricts use for load-bearing clinical applications. Several studies have conducted doping HAp with foreign elements in order enhance integrity. However, established that usually trade off the phase structure and biological integrity of HAp. To avoid this challenge, study presents a num...

The influence of specific stressors, such as nutrient enrichment and physical habitat degradation, on biotic integrity requires further attention in Midwestern streams. We sampled 53 streams throughout Illinois and examined relationships between macroinvertebrate community structure and numerous physicochemical parameters. Streams were clustered into four major groups based on taxa dissimilarit...

the analysis of vulnerability in networks generally involves some questions about how the underlying graph is connected. one is naturally interested in studying the types of disruption in the network that maybe caused by failures of certain links or nodes. in terms of a graph, the concept of connectedness is used in dierent forms to study many of the measures of vulnerability. when certain ver...

subsea structures such as manifolds, line pipes and flow lines are important investments. also because of the sensitivity of environmental issues, corrosion of these structures is of vital importance. subsea corrosion management is different from on-shore and shallow water off-shore corrosion management in mainly three factors: materials, corrosion management practice and cathodic protection. t...