soybean, glycine max, is susceptible to a large number of disease agents such as seedling and root pathogens that cause serious damages to this crop plant. one of these soil-borne pathogens is macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal root rot. in this study, two bacteria, pantoea agglomerans and bacillus sp. bin, and a fungus, trichoderma harzianum t100, as potential biocontrol age...

b a ckground: the protective effect of two isolates of an entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae (demi 002 and iran 437c) on the adult stage of varroa destructor was evaluated in comparison with fluvalinate strips in the field. m e t hods: a total of 12 honey bee colonies were provided from an apiculture farm. the selected hives were divided into 4 groups (3 hives per group). the first...

REFERENCES tions arising from the intluences of host and parasitoid phenologies (3). Single values cannot characterize host-parasitoid interactions, and maximum values are unlikely to be typical over longer times or in different areas (4). 4) Contrary to the prediction made by Hawkins et al., successful biological control can result from the use of agents that are characterized by low rates of ...

Mexico is a megadiverse country that forms part of the Mesoamerican biological corridor that connects North and South America. Mexico's biogeographical situation places it at risk from invasive exotic insect pests that enter from the United States, Central America, or the Caribbean. In this review we analyze the factors that contributed to some highly successful past programs involving classica...

6 Biological motor control can be characterized as a problem of con7 trolling nonlinear, unreliable systems whose states are monitored 8 with slow and sometimes low-quality sensors. In response to 9 changing sensory inputs, internal goals, or motor errors, the motor 10 system must solve several basic problems: selection of an appro11 priate action and transformation of control signals from sens...