Ambient wintertime background urban aerosol in Cork city, Ireland, was characterized using aerosol mass spectrometry. During the three-week measurement study in 2009, 93 % of the ca. 1 350 000 single particles characterized by an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (TSI ATOFMS) were classified into five organic-rich particle types, internally mixed to different proportions with elemental c...

Long-termmeasurements of changes in the aerosol scattering coefficient hygroscopic growth at the U.S. Department of Energy Southern Great Plains site provide information on the seasonal as well as size and chemical dependence of aerosol water uptake. Annual average sub-10 μm fRH values (the ratio of aerosol scattering at 85%/40% relative humidity (RH)) were 1.78 and 1.99 for the gamma and kappa...

We use measurements and models to develop aerosol models for use in the inversion algorithms for the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Imager Pathfinder Spaceborne Observations (CALIPSO). Radiance measurements and inversions of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET ) are used to group global atmospheric aerosols using optical and microphysical parameters. This study uses more than 10 records of radiance m...

Since about 30 % of the land surface are covered with arid and desert conditions of soil, bright grounds and their aerosol emissions are of essential importance for the investigation of general aerosol impact in climate. Therefore retrievals of aerosol properties from spaceborne platforms need to include retrieval approaches, working over this conditions. An approach to retrieve aerosol propert...

Introduction Basic Concepts of Aerosol Therapy Inertial Impaction Gravitational Sedimentation Diffusion The Nebulizer The Metered Dose Inhaler Differences during Mechanical Ventilation The Ventilator-Patient Interface Breath Configurations The Airway The Environment The Assessment Evaluation of Lower Respiratory Tract Aerosol Delivery with Bench Models of Mechanical Ventilation Aerosol-Generati...

In the introduction to the Technical Note, ‘‘Instantaneous secondary organic aerosol yields and their comparison with overall aerosol yields for aromatic and biogenic hydrocarbons’’, Jiang (2003) states that ‘‘[t]o model the formation of secondary organic aerosol, SOA, a concept called aerosol yield (or SOA yield), loosely defined as the SOA mass formed per unit mass of reactive organic gas (RO...

This paper presents a mechanistic, fully dynamic, internally mixed, sectional aerosol module, the UCD Aerosol Module, which evolves from the Aerosol Inorganic Model (AIM). The UCD Aerosol Module employs three gas-to-particle mass transport schemes, replacement, coupled and uncoupled, and simplified aerosol thermodynamics to predict gas–particle partitioning, aerosol phase state and water conten...

An aerosol generation, calibration, and research facility has been developed with the major purpose of evaluating aerosol instrumentation, including quality assurance testing, intercomparison, performance evaluation, and calibration of aerosol sizing, bulk, and speciated mass-measuring instruments. The aerosol facility also provides excellent opportunities for basic aerosol research. Polydisper...

Aerosol radiative forcing is a critical, though variable and uncertain component of the global climate. Yet climate models rely on sparse information of the aerosol optical properties. In situ measurements, though important in many respects, seldom provide measurements of the undisturbed aerosol in the entire atmospheric column. Here we use 8 years of worldwide distributed data from the AERONET...

In a series of simulations with the global ECHAM5-HAM aerosol-climate model, the response to changes in anthropogenic emissions is analyzed. Traditionally, additivity is assumed in the assessment of the aerosol climate impact, as the underlying bulk aerosol models are largely constrained to linearity. The microphysical aerosol module HAM establishes degrees of freedom for nonlinear responses of...