This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a multi-channel supply chain. We study a situation where a manufacturer is going to open a direct online channel in addition to n existing traditional retail channels. It is assumed that the manufacturer is the leader and the retailers are the followers. The situation has a hierarchical nature and...

We studied the inventory control of deteriorating items for suppliers under VMI model. The cost structure and the optional strategies for this model were first discussed. Bi-level programming models of integrated delivery strategies were established. We introduced the genetic algorithm to solve the problem. Finally the merit and demerit of each model and the adaptability were analyzed. 2011 Els...

Due to the increasing use of digital medical images, a need exists to develop an approach for automatic image annotation, which provides textual labels for images. Thus added labels can be used to access images using textual queries. Automatic image annotation can be separated into two individual tasks: feature extraction and image classification. In this paper, the authors present feature extr...

Business intelligence (BI) is one of the technology areas that have grown tremendously. BI describes a set of concepts and methods based on data for improving business decision making. BI capabilities have become one of the important business and technical capabilities. However, BI capabilities have remained largely unexamined in academic literature. Current understandings of BI capabilities ar...

The economic structure is the lifeblood of national economic development. Passenger structure within comprehensive transportation channel (CTC) is the key to play a higher efficiency and to operate normally of an integrated transport system. This paper analyzes the ideas of PTS optimization within CTC using bi-level planning strategies. And then a bi-level multi-objective programming model is e...

This paper investigates the dynamic journey time estimation (DJTE) problem, which can be used to estimate simultaneously the mean and standard deviation (SD) of path journey times in stochastic road networks. In this paper, a bi-level programming model is proposed to solve the DJTE problem. The upper level is to minimize the deviations of the mean and SD between the estimated and observed path ...

• Reformulation of the original bi-objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model as a bi-level optimization problem. Development an adapted solution tool, which is matheuristic involving Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm particularly efficient for problems (SMS-EMOA) and Programming. Numerical evaluation proposed with application to design HSC in Midi-Pyrénées region (southern France), ...

This paper investigates the integration of strategic and tactical decisions in the supply chain network design (SCND) considering assembly line balancing (ALB) under demand uncertainty. Due to the decentralized decisions, a novel bi-level stochastic programming (BLSP) model has been developed in which SCND problem has been considered in the upper-level model, while the lower-level model contain...

Traditionally, minimization of the total travel time spent by the passengers in the system is the most preferred objective while planning transit systems. To satisfy this objective, forecasted travel demands between zones and characteristics of the available fleet are taken into account, and at the end of the planning process, optimum frequencies of each transit lines are identified. Unfortunat...