The patient was an Arab Sheik, native of Socotra, aged 55 years. General health good. He was admitted into the Civil Hospital, Aden, on 20tli October 1902, with the following history :? About four years previously lie felt pain in the right side of the scrotum ; after about fifteen da}7s a swelling was noticed, about the size of a betel-nut, corresponding in situation with the seat of pain. Thi...

Modify the palm fruit thresher machine into a model dry split betel nut peeler by testing tool so that it can find out constraints of machine, and disassembling components or parts to be modified, namely; cover, collection channel, blade drive clutch. The cover is designed function sturdy from impact areca nuts cylindrical. reservoir channel allow peeled enter drain pipe blower in charge blowin...

The incidence and mortality of oral cancer in Taiwanese men has increased over the past decade, primarily associated with a surge in the popularity of betel quid chewing. The aim of this study was to examine the experience of six Taiwanese men with oral cancer, who were aged between 40 and 60 years, using a qualitative approach. The three major themes emerging from the data include: (i) underst...

This paper describes levels and progression of supra- and subgingival calculus undisturbed by active professional intervention or home care between 1970 and 1985 in Sri Lanka, or when removed at regular intervals between 1969 and 1988 in Norway. In the Sri Lankan tea laborers, both supra- and subgingival calculus formation started before age 14 years. At 40 years of age, all participants and al...

The oral cavity is the most common location in the head and neck region for primary malignant tumors. In the Western world, primary squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity most frequently involve the tongue and the floor of the mouth. In countries in which betel nut and tobacco chewing are common, the buccal mucosa and retromolar trigone are the most frequently encountered primary tumor sit...

Using a standard epidemiological survey instrument for psychoactive drug use, 215 medical students in three classes were studied. One third of all students reported non-medical drug use. The substances ever used were: betel nut 13%, smokeless tobacco 3%, cigarettes 12%, alcohol 12.5%, cannabis 0.9% and benzodiazepines 3.7%. Last month use was reported for four substances and daily use was repor...