As with other forms of psychological stress, conditioned fear causes an increase in body temperature. The mechanisms underlying this stress-induced hyperthermia are not well understood, but previous research suggests that nonshivering thermogenesis might contribute, as it does during cold exposure. The major source of nonshivering thermogenesis in the rat is brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the ...

Stable field-induced electron emission is derived from a tungsten tip covered by indium which has been solidified from its liquid state during an ion emission process. By choosing different ion emission currents at the beginning of the solidification process, the final geometry of the solidified emitter can be reshaped and the characteristics of the electron emission changed. The Fowler– Nordhe...

BACKGROUND The temperature of the skin remains elevated long after breast-conserving treatment with irradiation, perhaps because evaporative cooling is impaired. We investigated physiological changes of the irradiated skin and reevaluated the radiosensitivity of sweat glands on a functional basis to determine whether severe complications can be predicted. METHODS Breast and axillary skin temp...

Cytokines and growth factors are important regulatory proteins controlling the growth and differentiation of normal and malignant glial cells. In this study, we investigated the expression and origin of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in the subacute brain injury after a single high-dose irradiation using 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rig...

Ultraviolet A (UVA, 320-400 nm) radiation is an oxidizing agent that causes significant damage to cellular components and that leads to photoaging and cancer. It strongly induces NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expressions in cultured FEK4 human skin fibroblasts but weakly induces it in transformed HaCaT skin keratinocytes. Nrf2 silencing increases cell damage at a moderate dose of UVA irradiatio...

Photoplethysmography is a simple measurement of the variation in blood volume in tissue. It detects the pulse signal of heart beat as well as the low frequency signal of vasoconstriction and vasodilation. The transmission type measurement is limited to only a few specific positions for example the index finger that have a short path length for light. The reflectance type measurement can be conv...

This paper describes and attempts to interpret the effects of Xand gamma-irradiation on transplantation immunity. Whole-body irradiation prolongs the life of -strain skin homografts on CBA mice. Over the range 0 to 600 r the reciprocal of their survival time (x) is simply proportional to the applied radiation dosage (y), so that 1/x = l/a — ky, where a represents the survival time of the homogr...

Linear polarized near-infrared light (PL) irradiation is considered one of the useful methods for muscle fatigue recovery, because it increases the blood flow and skin temperature of the irradiated part. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of PL-irradiation on muscle fatigue recovery and physiological response in the upper limbs after maximal repeated rhythmic hand gripping (RRH...

Generation of a single photon or a pair of photons from a single emitter is important for quantum information applications. Using the generating function formalism we investigate the theory of a few photons on demand for the square laser pulse and the rapid adiabatic following method. Exact theory and numerical solutions are used to design control fields for a two level emitter, which yield an ...

The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN, searches for 0νββ of Ge. Germanium diodes enriched to ∼ 86 % in the double beta emitter Ge(Ge) are exposed being both source and detectors of 0νββ decay. Neutrinoless double beta decay is considered a powerful probe to address still open issues in the neutrino sector of the (beyon...