The spectral mechanisms of the rat were studied in electrophysiological and behavioral experiments. The photopic electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded (a) to rapidly flickering lights, (b) during the cone phase of dark adaptation, and (c) with a flicker photometric procedure. Each procedure indicated the presence of a single cone mechanism having a lambda max of about 510 nm. Increment-threshold...

We describe a persistent behavioral disorder associated with bilateral destruction of the head of the caudate nuclei. The findings in this case support a role for the caudate nuclei in behavioral functions and are interpreted in view of recent anatomical and physiological information on the connections of the caudate nuclei with the prefrontal cortex.

ackground: Williams syndrome (WS) has provided researchers with an exciting opportunity to understand the complex interplay among enes, neurobiological and cognitive functions. However, despite a well-characterized cognitive and behavioral phenotype, little attention as been paid to the marked deficits in social and behavioral inhibition. Here we explore the neural systems that mediate response...

Basic cognitive functions, such as the abilities to activate, represent, maintain, focus and process information, decline with age. A paradigm shift towards cross-level conceptions is needed in order to obtain an integrative understanding of cognitive aging phenomena that cuts across neural, information-processing, and behavioral levels. We review empirical data at these different levels, and c...

Isoflurane was previously the major clinical anesthetic agent but is now mainly used for veterinary anesthesia. Studies have reported widespread sites of action of isoflurane, suggesting a wide array of side effects besides sedation. In the present study, we phenotyped isoflurane-treated mice to investigate the postanesthetic behavioral effects of isoflurane. We applied comprehensive behavioral...