Soilborne plant diseases are a major constraint to crop production worldwide. Effective and economical management of these is dependent on the ability accurately detect diagnose their signs and/or symptoms prior widespread development in crop. Sensor-based technologies promising tools for automated disease detection, but research still needed optimize validate methods detection specific disease...

Closteroviruses possess exceptionally long filamentous virus particles that mediate protection and active transport of the genomic RNA within infected plants. These virions are composed of a long "body" and short "tail" whose principal components are the major and minor capsid proteins, respectively. Here we use biochemical, genetic, and ultrastructural analyses to dissect the molecular composi...

Systemic movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Beta macrocarpa depends on viral RNA3, whereas in Nicotiana benthamiana this RNA is dispensable. RNA3 contains a coremin motif of 20 nucleotides essential for the stabilization of noncoding RNA3 (ncRNA3) and for long-distance movement in Beta species. Coremin mutants that are unable to accumulate ncRNA3 also do not achieve systemic...

The complete nucleotide sequence (5845 nucleotides) of the genomic RNA of the potexvirus white clover mosaic virus (WC1MV) has been determined from a set of overlapping cDNA clones. Forty of the most 5'-terminal nucleotides of WC1MV showed homology to the 5' sequences of other potexviruses. The genome contained five open reading frames which coded for proteins of Mr 147, 417, Mr 26,356, Mr 12,9...

beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hübner, (lep., noctuidae), is one of the most important polyphagous pests of sugar beet in iran and many other countries. in most cases, this pest needs to be controlled for a few times in a crop season. baculoviruses are effective biological control agents which could be integrated to control program of this pest with other integrated pest management (ipm) elem...

In many Arkansas cotton fields, factors such as inefficient tillage operations, extremely dry weather and traffic pressure may result in a compacted soil layer or hardpan. Soil compaction dramatically increases soil strength and can restrict cotton root penetration, leading to suppressed cotton height and lint yield (Taylor and Earl Burnett, 1963). This problem may be exacerbated by soilborne p...