Introduction Scanned ion beam techniques proved to be an accurate method in radiation therapy with a high degree of conformity [1]. Since 1997 the carbon ion treatment unit at GSI has treated more than 330 patients with stationary tumours using a raster scanning system. In case of moving organs, however, it is necessary to mitigate interplay between organ motion and scanned beam. In order to ac...

We use caustic beam shaping on 100 fs pulses to experimentally generate nonparaxial accelerating beams along a 60° circular arc, moving laterally by 14 µm over a 28 µm propagation length. This is the highest degree of transverse acceleration reported to our knowledge. Using diffraction integral theory and numerical beam propagation simulations, we show that circular acceleration trajectories re...

gyroscopes are used as rotation rate sensors. conventional gyroscopes are heavy and bulky, which creates important problems regarding their usage in different applications. micro-gyroscopes have solved these problems due to their small size. the beam micro-gyroscope is one of the popular types of inertial sensors. their small dimensions and low energy consumption are key reasons for their popul...

Gyroscopes are used as rotation rate sensors. Conventional gyroscopes are heavy and bulky, which creates important problems regarding their usage in different applications. Micro-gyroscopes have solved these problems due to their small size. The beam micro-gyroscope is one of the popular types of inertial sensors. Their small dimensions and low energy consumption are key reasons for their popul...

According to General Relativity, the large scale structures of the Universe can influence a light beam remotely by their gravitational fields, resulting in a gradual systematic ‘expansion’ of the beam which reflects the curvature of space. We show that if such an effect is present, any random speed v in the masses will cause the frequency ωo of the arriving extragalactic light to deviate slight...

The treatment of moving tumors with a scanned ion beam is challenging due to interplay effects and changing beam range. We propose multigating, as a method for 4D-treatment optimization and delivery. In 3D beam tracking, tracking vectors are added during delivery to beam spot positions based on the detected motion phase. This has the disadvantage of dose errors in case of complex motion pattern...