The dust-bathing behavior of Lohmann Selected Leghorn hens was compared in 4 enriched colony housing systems and in an aviary system. The enriched colony housing systems differed especially in the alignment and division of the functional areas dust bath, nest, and perches. Forty-eight-hour video recordings were performed at 3 time-points during the laying period, and focal animal sampling and b...

background: nowadays there is a strong tendency for early bathing of healthy newborns but little is known about the ther mal stability of newborns in response to early bathing. the aim of this study was to compare the thermal effect of bathing on healthy newborn within 1-2 h of life versus 4-6 h after birth. methods: in this randomized comparative study 100 healthy newborns in a newborn nursery...

So wrote the Elder Pliny in Book XXXI of his Natural History, a section devoted entirely to water, which was the element he considered "lord over all the others".' In Pliny's day the major spas were termed aquae, of which around one hundred are recorded. Many remain unlocated; at some the springs are now dry; at others, due to continued usage, the ancient installations are sealed, or partially ...

BACKGROUND Umbilical cord infection developing subsequent to bacterial colonization is one of the outstanding reasons of newborn mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped and developing countries. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sponge and tub bathing methods on umbilical cord separation time in full term babies in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS This quasi-experimenta...

The amphibian skin has long been used as a model tissue for the study of ion transport and osmotic water movement across tight epithelia. To understand the mechanism of water uptake across amphibian skin, we model the skin as a well-stirred compartment bounded by an apical barrier and a tissue barrier. The compartment represents the lateral intercellular space between cells in the stratum granu...

BACKGROUND The diagnostic criteria for bathtub drownings are not standardized, and the risk factors associated with bath-related deaths are unclear. METHODS We analyzed a Korean nationwide database of bath-related deaths that occurred between January 2008 and December 2015. Eighty-four cases were enrolled after reviewing 31,123 autopsy records. RESULTS The subjects' ages ranged from 18 to 9...

wastewater production is increasing every year. the variety of contaminants necessitates the application of effective and advanced treatment methods. among the materials that  are predominantly used for wastewater treatment are carbon nanotubes. exposure to the residuals of carbon nanotubes after wastewater treatment through drinking, inhalation, and dermal contact during regular indoor activit...

BACKGROUND A population-based case-control study was undertaken in 1997 to investigate the association between tetrachloroethylene (PCE) exposure from public drinking water and breast cancer among permanent residents of the Cape Cod region of Massachusetts. PCE, a volatile organic chemical, leached from the vinyl lining of certain water distribution pipes into drinking water from the late 1960s...