Density interfaces in the water column are ubiquitously found in oceans and lakes. Interaction of settling particles with pycnoclines plays a pivotal function in nutrient transport between ocean layers and settling rates of marine particles. We perform direct numerical simulations of an elongated particle settling through a density interface and scrutinize the role of stratification on the sett...

Reactive settling is the process of sedimentation small solid particles in a fluid with simultaneous reactions between components and liquid phases. This important sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) wastewater treatment plants. In that application are biomass (bacteria; activated sludge) contains substrates (nitrogen, phosphorus) to be removed through biomass. The operation an SBR cycles consecut...

The current study presents the toxicity data of 90 organic compounds with various modes of actions to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The assessment was conducted using a closed-system technique, and a biomass-type end point based on the cell density was employed. The above toxicity data were compared with test results from ciliate (Tetrahymena pyriformis), water flea (Daphnia magna), fish (Pi...

Tonga no longer has a national airline with the recent demise of Royal Tongan Airlines, but it has two national beers: Ikale and Royal. Both are lagers, but they are widely believed to be of different taste and quality. Bottled Ikale beer is considered to be inferior in quality with a great variation from batch to batch, and even from bottle to bottle within the same batch. Draft Ikale is belie...

We analyse high-resolution archival UVES data of turnoff and subgiant stars in the nearby globular cluster NGC6397 ([Fe/H]≈−2). Balmer-profile analyses are performed to derive reddening-free effective temperatures. Due to the limited S/N and uncertainties related to blaze removal, we find the data quality insufficient to exclude the existence of gravitational settling. If the newly derived effe...

Veterinary vaccines in North America are regulated to assure that they are safe, pure, potent and effective. the veterinary biologics industry conducts a number of in vivo and in vitro assays as part of the vaccine development and manufacturing process to assure that vaccines conform to these requirements. the batch or serial release safety test is one such assay. the serial release safety test...

We previously demonstrated pharmacokinetic differences among manufacturing batches of a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dry powder inhalation product (Advair Diskus 100/50) large enough to establish between-batch bio-inequivalence. Here, we provide independent confirmation of pharmacokinetic bio-inequivalence among Advair Diskus 100/50 batches, and quantify residual and between-b...

BACKGROUND Skin prick tests (SPT) are widely used both in clinical diagnostics and in research. The standardization of allergen extracts is well documented to be crucial for the validity of SPT, whereas less emphasis has been placed on reproducibility and the SPT procedure itself. The objectives of this study are to clarify how the double skin prick test procedure influence the sensitivity and ...

A. Distribution of the test statistic In the sequential test, we first compute the test statistic from a mini-batch of size m. If a decision cannot be made with this statistic, we keep increasing the mini-batch size by m datapoints until we reach a decision. This procedure is guaranteed to terminate as explained in Section 4. The parameter ✏ controls the probability of making an error in a sing...

In this study, a stand-alone sediment and contaminant model, SEDDEER (Sediment Deposition and Erosion), is presented. The model simulates one water box and underlying (multiple) sediment bed layers, and was developed for incorporation into water quality models. The processes incorporated in the model are: settling and deposition, resuspension, equilibrium adsorption/desorption, sediment-water i...