The adaptive response to amino acid limitation in mammalian cells inhibits global protein synthesis and promotes the expression of proteins that protect cells from stress. The arginine/lysine transporter, cat-1, is induced during amino acid starvation by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. It is shown in the present study that the transient induction of cat-1 transcription is r...

Ethylene gas is essential for developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Although the membrane-bound protein EIN2 is critical for ethylene signaling, the mechanism by which the ethylene signal is transduced remains largely unknown. Here we show the levels of H3K14Ac and H3K23Ac are correlated with the levels of EIN2 protein and demonstrate EIN2 C terminus (EIN2-C) is sufficient to ...

Cocaine's behavioral-stimulant effects derive from potentiation of synaptic signaling by dopamine and serotonin leading to transcriptional alterations in postsynaptic cells. We report that a signaling cascade involving nitric oxide (NO) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mediates cocaine's transcriptional and behavioral actions. Lower, behavioral-stimulant doses enhance the cA...

The gene encoding the neuropeptide galanin is upregulated by second messenger signal transduction pathways in bovine chromaffin cells. To identify its transcriptional regulatory elements, 5'-flanking sequences of the galanin gene were transiently transfected into primary cultures of bovine chromaffin cells within reporter gene constructs. Multiple regions of the galanin 5' flank seem to be nece...

Mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway initiate colorectal carcinogenesis by deregulating the beta-catenin transcriptional coactivator. beta-Catenin activation of one target in particular, the c-Myc proto-oncogene, is required for colon cancer pathogenesis. beta-Catenin is known to regulate c-Myc expression via sequences upstream of the transcription start site. Here, we report th...

BACKGROUND/AIMS In dairy cows, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) is utilized as precursors of de novo synthesized fatty acids in mammary gland. Ketotic cows are characterized by excessive negative energy balance (NEB), which can further increase the blood BHBA concentration. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein1 (SREBP1) and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha-like effector α (Cidea)...

In Candida albicans, ergosterol biosynthetic genes, including ERG11, which encodes the target of azole antifungal drugs, are regulated by the transcriptional regulator Upc2p. To initially characterize the promoter of the UPC2 gene, 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to identify two transcriptional initiation sites upstream of the ATG codon. The regions within the UPC2 promoter require...