The external validity of artificial "trivial" laboratory settings is examined. Past views emphasizing generalizability of relations among conceptual variables are reviewed and affirmed, One major implication of typical challenges to the external validity of l ratory arch t ed wi h gression r search: If l borat ry es a ch ow n external validity, then laboratory studies should fail to detect rela...

Regression equations developed by Crawford, Allan & Jack (1992) to estimate full-length WAIS-R IQs from seven short-forms were evaluated in healthy (N = 153) and neurological (N = 471) cross-validation samples. In the healthy sample the correlations between the short-forms and full-length IQs did not differ significantly from those obtained by Crawford et al. (1992). In the neurological sample ...

The General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES-12) is a short version of the Sherer's Self-Efficacy Scale, and evaluates a general dimension and three aspects of self-efficacy: initiative, persistence and effort. The aim of this study is to explore the factorial structure, reliability, and criterion validity of the Spanish adaptation of the GSES-12 in general and clinical populations. The sample was com...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to review the international literature on the validity of self-report of cervical cancer screening, specifically of studies that made direct comparisons among women with and without social disadvantage, based on race/ethnicity, foreign-born status, language ability, income, or education. METHOD The databases of Medline, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL from 1990 to 2011 were sear...

In any program evaluation context, the quality and usefulness of an estimated intervention effect depends to a significant extent on its internal and external validity. If a study is internally valid, we can credibly state that the estimated impact was caused by the intervention being evaluated. If a study is externally valid, we can confidently extrapolate findings to a larger population of in...

INTRODUCTION Low health literacy contributes to health disparities. We sought to develop and evaluate a remotely administered tool to measure health literacy in health disparate populations. The basic research design involved asking the remotely administered questions in conjunction with an existing and valid measure of health literacy, the S-TOFHLA, to a non-representative convenience sample o...

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Community Health Survey (CHS), we analyzed data from 11,217 participants aged ≥ 19 yr, in 13 cities and counties in 2008. Three healthcare utilization indices (admission, outpatient visits, dental visits) as comparative variables and the insurance benefit claim data of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service as the gold-standard were used....

Testing the Internal Validity of Compulsory School Reforms as Instrument for Years of Schooling In the large empirical literature that investigates the causal effects of education on outcomes such as health, wages and crime, it is customary to measure education with years of schooling, and to identify these effects using the exogenous variation provided by school reforms increasing compulsory e...

This study examined the psychometric properties and criterion validity of a newly developed battery of executive function (EF) tasks for use in early childhood. The battery was included in the Family Life Project (FLP), a prospective longitudinal study of families who were oversampled from low-income and African American families at the birth of a new child (N = 1,292). Ninety-nine percent (N =...