purpose: to evaluate topographic corneal changes in relatives of patients with keratoconus (kcn). methods: this study was performed on 300 eyes of 150 relatives of 45 kcn patients. complete slit lamp examination, refraction, and corneal topography was performed on all eyes. the topographic indices for diagnosis of keratoconus was based on rabinowitz criteria. results: the study included 84 (56%...

The aim of this paper is to conceptualize and design a risk topography that outlines a data acquisition and dissemination process that informs policy markers, researchers and market participants about systemic risk. Our approach emphasizes that systemic risk (i) typically builds up in the background before materializing in a crisis and (ii) is determined by market participants’ response to vari...

this work is a report 0/9 cases ofarcuate incision for correction 0/astigmatism, after penetrating keratoplasty. plannings were based ojj corneal topography, and the first operation was always arcuate incision alone. 11,e secondary plans were based on refractive errors. the mean of preoperative astigmatism was 6d with the range of5 to 9/). after arcuate incision a/the graft-host interface in th...

Gibbs oscillations in the truncated spectral representation of the earth's topography are strongly reduced by determining its spectral coefficients as a minimum of a nonuniformly weighted, nonquadratic cost function. The cost function penalizes the difference between spectral and true topography with weights that are explicit functions of the topographic height and its gradient. The sensitivity...

This study compared the effects of a computer-based stimulus equivalence protocol to a traditional lecture format in teaching single-subject experimental design concepts to undergraduate students. Participants were assigned to either an equivalence or a lecture group, and performance on a paper-and-pencil test that targeted relations among the names of experimental designs, design definitions, ...

A rigorous three-dimensional (3-D) simulation method for photoresist exposure and development is presented in which light scattering due to a nonplanar topography is calculated using the Maxwell equations. The method relies on a Fourier expansion of the electromagnetic field and extends the two-dimensional (2-D) differential method [1], [2] to the third dimension. The model accounts for partial...