This is a case of a 69-year-old male patient with long-standing iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. The clinical evaluation revealed mild neurological symptoms and excessive brain calcinosis. Intracranial calcification that affects structures other than the basal ganglia and the cerebellum is a rare manifestation of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Detection of brain calci...

Mitochondrial DNA disease is one of the most common groups of inherited neuromuscular disorders and frequently associated with marked phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. We describe an adult patient who initially presented with childhood-onset ataxia without a family history and an unremarkable diagnostic muscle biopsy. Subsequent multi-system manifestations included basal ganglia calcifica...

We present a 77-year-old woman with levodopa-nonresponsive parkinsonism, dementia, and supranuclear gaze palsy on vertical and horizontal gaze. Laboratory findings were consistent with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, and brain computed tomography showed extensive bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale, dentate nuclei, and cerebellar white matter. These results illustrat...

Five young infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) underwent cranial ultrasonographic examinations and/or computed tomographic examinations. Only two of these infants were small for their gestational age, and none of them were microcephalic at birth. Deafness and ocular lesions were found in four patients, and congenital heart disease was found in three. All had abnormal ultrasonographic...

Down syndrome, the most common chromosomal abnormality, may be associated with various neurologic complications such as moyamoya syndrome, cervical spinal cord compression due to atlantoaxial subluxation, and basal ganglia damage, as well as epileptic seizures and stroke. Many cases of Down syndrome accompanied by isolated neurologic manifestations have been reported in children; however, Down ...

Fahr’s disease is a rare degenerative neurological disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal calcium deposition and associated cell loss in the areas of the brain that control movement, including the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. Clinical findings associated with Fahr's disease include parkinsonism, dystonia, chorea, ataxia and psychiatric symptoms. Fahr's disease may result from ...

Age of onset can have a significant impact on clinical course and pathophysiological mechanism of bipolar disorder. Late-onset bipolar episodes are more likely linked to medical illnesses and so are frequently classified as "secondary" forms of mood disorder. We discuss the case of a patient who at the age of 58 presented his first delusional-manic episode. He also had mild frontal and occipita...

in this study, we focused on the gait of parkinson’s disease (pd) and presented a gray box model for it. we tried to present a model for basal ganglia structure in order to generate stride time interval signal in model output for healthy and pd states. because of feedback role of dopamine neurotransmitter in basal ganglia, this part is modelled by “elman network”, which is a neural network stru...

A 57 year old female came with the complaint of recurrent headache, often fatigue, and sometimes feel numbs and rigid in her extremities, no other symptom was noted. Her body weight is stable and she was in menopausal state. She had a history of partial thyroidectomy 20 years ago and continues thiamazole 2.5 mg with seldom regular consult to physician. From the physical examination, the patient...