We reformulate the bar recursion and induction principles in terms of recursive and wellfounded coalgebras. Bar induction was originally proposed by Brouwer as an axiom to recover certain classically valid theorems in a constructive setting. It is a form of induction on nonwellfounded trees satisfying certain properties. Bar recursion, introduced later by Spector, is the corresponding function ...

The expression level of bar, which encodes phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT), was correlated with the inviability of barley hybrids between 20 Golden Promise-derived transgenic lines (Ds-bar lines) and a specialized genetic marker stock, Oregon Wolfe Barley Dominant (OWBD). Each Ds-bar line was homozygous for a modified maize Ds element that encoded bar and that had been delivered via tr...

This study compared the values of bar-peak force (PFBar) and power (PPBar), body-peak force (PFBody) and power (PPBody) and bar-mean propulsive power (MPPBar) in different jump-squat (JS) conditions: unloaded condition (UC); bar-loaded condition (BLC) and optimum bar-MPP condition (OBC). Twenty-five soccer players performed the JS using a bar with negligible mass (UC), using the Smith-machine b...

Critical insights on galaxy evolution stem from the study of bars. With the advent of high redshiftHST surveys that trace bars in the rest-frame optical band out to z ∼ 1, it becomes increasingly important to provide a reference baseline for bars at z ∼ 0 in the optical band. We present results on bars at z ∼ 0 in the optical and near-infrared bands, based on 180 spirals in the OSUBSGS survey. ...

Eukaryotic cells are defined by extensive intracellular compartmentalization, which requires dynamic membrane remodeling. FER/Cip4 homology-Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) domain family proteins form crescent-shaped dimers, which can bend membranes into buds and tubules of defined geometry and lipid composition. However, these proteins exhibit an unexplained wide diversity of membrane-deforming act...

We report the structure, performance and large-area fabrication of a thin plasmonic infrared absorber, termed "bar-shaped disk-coupled dots-on-pillar antenna-array" (bar-D2PA). The bar-D2PAs, which are simple to fabricate, demonstrate the following, experimentally: (i) a different light-absorption resonance for each polarization with the resonance peak tunable by the bar-to-backplane gap and th...

Machine-readable automatic identification (ID) systems, including bar codes, magnetic stripes, optical character recognition and radiofrequency labeling, have improved productivity and quality in diverse industries. Bar codes represent the oldest and most common of these machine-readable ID systems, and are widely used in industrial manufacturing, shipping and inventory tracking operations. Pri...

Although there is no retinal input within the blind spot, it is filled with the same visual attributes as its surround. Earlier studies showed that neural responses are evoked at the retinotopic representation of the blind spot in the primary visual cortex (V1) when perceptual filling-in of a surface or completion of a bar occurs. To determine whether these neural responses correlate with perce...

Although there is no retinal input within the blind spot, it is filled with the same visual attributes as its surround. Earlier studies showed that neural responses are evoked at the retinotopic representation of the blind spot in the primary visual cortex (V1) when perceptual filling-in of a surface or completion of a bar occurs. To determine whether these neural responses correlate with perce...

rabbit physis. Left – A sagittal SPGR MR image. The ablated portion of the physis (bar) is indicated by the white arrow. Right – A sagittal histological section corresponding to the MR image. The ablated portion of the physis is indicated by the black arrow. Figure 2. Left – Post-operative intact rabbit physis (pink) and ablated physeal bar (blue), as reconstructed from MR imaging. Right – Phys...