Escherichia coli, an opportunistic environmental pathogen, is one of the commonest causes of bovine clinical mastitis in the early lactation period. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) whose pathogenesis is associated with enterotoxigenic genes (stxI, stxII, and eaeA) cause serious acute illness and long-term side effects in both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the...

Over the past three decades, coral reefs worldwide have experienced significant losses in living coral cover and changes in the structure and function of these communities. Infectious diseases have been recognized as a prominent cause of mortality in scleractinian corals in the western Atlantic since the 1980’s, but until recently there were few reports of coral disease from the Indo-Pacific re...

To accommodate major civil engineering projects in or in the vicinity of peatlands, it is essential to stabilise peat deposits. On the other hand, the accumulation of waste tyres in recent decades has caused environmental problems around the world. An effective remedy for both issues is to use scrap tyre material to stabilise problematic peat soils. This article reports an experimental investig...

Digital change detection is the process that helps in determining the changes associated with land use and land cover properties with reference to geo-registered multi temporal remote sensing data. Puer and Simao, where land use has been greatly affected by recent government policies that aim to balance the need to encourage rural development with ecological stability. These policies include pr...

In engineering, flood routing is an important technique necessary for the solution of a floodcontrol problem and for the satisfactory operation of a flood-prediction service. A simple conceptual model like the Muskingum model is very effective for the flood routing process. One challenge in application of the Muskingum model is that its parameters cannot be measured physically. In this article ...