Background: To test effectiveness and safety of topical methotrexate 0.5%gel and to introduce new formula of methotrexate gel using suitable media for delivery. Patients and Methods: The clinical work was performed at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from January 2008 to October 2008. While preparation of formula was performed in the l...

Photosynthetic and biochemical characterization of in vitro-derived African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl) plants to ex vitro conditions Yaser Hassan Dewir, Mohammed El-Sayed El-Mahrouk, Hanady Salim Al-Shmgani, Hail Z. Rihan, Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva & Michael P. Fuller a Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ...

Noble metal nanoparticles have distinct optical properties arising from localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). It is wellestablished that a LSPR spectrum depends strongly on the size and shape of the nanoparticles as well as on the distance between the nanoparticles. The precise measurement of the interparticle distance-dependent LSPR spectrum has been the fundamental principle of many ana...

We investigate the distance vectors contained in individual Costas arrays and in pairs of Costas arrays, and prove some rigorous results in the case of the algebraically constructed arrays. Overall, it appears that the set with the property that every Costas array has a distance vector in this set, or that every pair of Costas arrays with a common vector have a common vector in this set, is in ...

Economic conditions are placing unprecedented pressures on universities and funding agencies. For young scholars, this translates into fewer postdoctoral and faculty lines. For highly experienced senior scholars, it emerges as fewer opportunities for new programs of research and collaborations, and this in turn limits the options available to senior scientists for training young scientists. Res...

In this paper we present a new evolutionary algorithm designed to efficiently search for optimal Golomb rulers. The proposed approach uses a redundant random keys representation to codify the information contained in a chromosome and relies on a simple interpretation algorithm to obtain feasible solutions. Experimental results show that this method is successful in quickly identifying good solu...

A frican economies export primary commodities, and most export little else. Policymakers as well as economists and historians of African economic development have seen these exports as both a hope and a curse. The following parable tells the story: Once upon a time, a servant of the ruler discovered a miraculous plant, which grew readily in that country, and whose seeds could be woven into fine...

A frican economies export primary commodities, and most export little else. Policymakers as well as economists and historians of African economic development have seen these exports as both a hope and a curse. The following parable tells the story: Once upon a time, a servant of the ruler discovered a miraculous plant, which grew readily in that country, and whose seeds could be woven into fine...