Newcastle disease causes many economic losses to the poultry industry in most countries. This disease is endemic in Iran. Backyard poultry is considered the reservoir of Newcastle virus; however, there is either no vaccination program against Newcastle, or it is performed in a restricted manner. Commercial live vaccines are inactive and sensitive to temperature; moreover, vaccine delivery to vi...

Pine siskins (Carduelis pinus) frequently forage at known high quality food supplies such as backyard feeders. In this field study, pine siskins visited backyard feeders of differing colour and spatial position. The three feeders contained varying amounts of food in a ratio of 3:2:1. The birds quickly distributed their visits in this ratio to the three feeders. During unbaited tests, two feeder...

The rapid transformation of the livestock sector in recent decades brought concerns on its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, disruptions to nitrogen and phosphorous cycles and on land use change, particularly deforestation for production of feed crops. Animal and human health are increasingly interlinked through emerging infectious diseases, zoonoses, and antimicrobial resistance. In many dev...

Since 2002, following its introduction, the lineage 5d Newcastle disease virus (so-called Goose paramyxovirus - GPMV) strain has caused numerous disease outbreaks among commercial and backyard poultry in South Africa, raising questions about the ability of commercially available Newcastle disease vaccines to fully protect poultry against the strain. This study aimed to determine whether there a...

Poultry are well recognized as possible carriers of Salmonella species. As part of the local foods movement, backyard poultry flocks have increased in popularity in recent years. Between 1996 and 2012, 45 outbreaks of human Salmonella infections linked to live poultry from mail-order hatcheries were documented. This review examines the history of live poultry-associated salmonellosis in humans ...

Mosquitoes are the most important among all arthropod vectors that causes human disease in the tropical conditions. In order to reduce the mosquito nuisance and risk of diseases caused by them it is essential to reduce mosquito populations. All Iinn Mosquito Trap/Killer was placed in four different outdoor locations. Out of total insects trapped, the percentage of mosquitoes was 36 %, 45 %, 35 ...

A new genus containing a single new species of Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described and named Linnaeomyia hortensis gen. nov., spec. nov. The sole known specimen of L. hortensis, a male, was Malaise trapped in a backyard site on the Baltic island of Öland, southeast Sweden, in summer 2014. Morphological evidence supports our hypothesis that Linnaeomyia is most closely related t...