The lectures describe several cosmological effects produced by neutrinos. Upper and lower cosmological limits on neutrino mass are derived. The role that neutrinos may play in formation of large scale structure of the universe is described and neutrino mass limits are presented. Effects of neutrinos on cosmological background radiation and on big bang nucleosynthesis are discussed. Limits on th...

In a recent paper [1] it has been suggested that the velocity of light and the expansion of the universe are two aspects of one single concept connecting space and time in the expanding universe. It has then be shown that solving Friedmann's equations with that interpretation (and keeping c = constant) can explain number of unnatural features of the standard cosmology (for example: the flatness...

BACKGROUND We have been observing that a significant proportion of our patients, especially females, have certain pigmentary demarcation lines (PDL) over the face. However, systematic studies of the subject are lacking. AIMS We categorized the different clinical patterns of facial PDLs in the Indian subpopulation and assessed their prevalence in this study. METHODS About 4000 consecutive pa...

Automatic segmentation of foreground from background in video sequences has attracted lots of attention in computer vision. Two different implementations have been completed during the summer. The first one is known as “background subtraction”. The foreground is segmented from the background by directly subtracting a mean background image B from each frame, and retaining those parts of the fram...

By construction, a video is a series of ordered frames, whose order is defined at the time of the acquisition process. Background subtraction methods then take this input video and produce a series of segmentation maps expressed in terms of foreground objects and scene background. To our knowledge, this natural ordering of frames has never been questioned or challenged. In this paper, we propos...

The early universe according to the big bang and the grand unified theories is discussed. The shortcomings of big bang are summarized together with their resolution by inflationary cosmology. Inflation, the subsequent oscillation and decay of the inflaton, and the resulting ‘reheating’ of the universe are studied. The density perturbations produced by inflation and the temperature fluctuations ...

We have repeated our earlier observations of the Infrared and submllllmeter background radiation. While the measured values of the infrared background radiation remain unchanged, we have failed to observe the high flux previously reported for the 0.4 to 1.3 mm range. This indicates that the flux cannot have been galactic or cosmic, but further observations are needed to rule out a solar cycle d...

We propose a novel statistical measure for robust event detection, called ’Radial Reach filter’ (RRF). The capability of detecting new objects (events) from a time-series image is an important problem of vision systems. The usual method of detecting new objects is simple background subtraction that is to subtract current image from a background image. However, simple background subtraction is s...

The sudden drop of the beam life time and bursts of background radiation were detected in many machines and associated with microscopic dust particles. We present the model of the dust particle dynamics explaining the long time of the dust events observed in the PEP-II B-factory and BEPC-II machines.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of 2,144 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from patients in Spanish hospitals over a 7-year period revealed 17 predominant profiles. Typing showed the replacement of Iberian clone E1 (ST247-MRSA-I) by two prevalent clones, E7 and E8, that are closely related to each other and have the same genetic background as ST125-MR...