Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an important economic fish that seriously threatened by various viruses. A cell line designated as ASF derived from the caudal fin tissue of was established and characterized in this study. cells grew well Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 20% fetal bovine serum at 20°C. DNA sequencing comparative analysis cytochrome B gene verified originated...

In this study, the mutagenic effects of different doses and exposure times oryzalin Nitrogen Protoxide (N2O) were tested for stimulating polyploid on 41 B Fercal grapevine rootstocks seedlings. Ploidy changes examined by morphological, cytological, macroscopic, microscopic methods. Leaf thickness, chlorophyll contents, stomatal sizes, chloroplast numbers seedlings stimulated with mutagens incre...

Several types of sex chromosome systems have been recorded among Gymnotiformes, including male and female heterogamety, simple and multiple sex chromosomes, and different mechanisms of origin and evolution. The X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y systems identified in three species of this order are considered homoplasic for the group. In the genus Brachyhypopomus, only B. gauderio presented this type of system. He...

B chromosomes of corn are stable at all mitotic and meiotic divisions of the plant except the second pollen mitosis. In the latter division, B chromosomes undego mitotic nondisjunction at rates as high as 98%. Studies by several workers on B-A translocation chromosomes have provided evidence for the existence of four factors on the B chromosome that control nondisjunction and are separable from...

To compare different QTL mapping methods, a population with genotypic and phenotypic data was simulated. In Bayesian approach, all information of markers can be used along with combination of distributions of SNP markers. It is assumed that most of the markers (95%) have minor effects and a few numbers of markers (5%) exert major effects. The simulated population included a basic population of ...

The literature review presents the characteristics of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 as a factor contributing to development psoriatic arthritis. HLA-B27 is class I surface encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) B locus located on chromosome 6. main function present antigenic peptides CD8+ T-cells. most important genetic biomarker for arthritis, it provides phenotypic differentiat...

B chromosomes are small, heterochromatic chromosomes that are transmitted in a non-Mendelian manner. We have identified a stock of Drosophila melanogaster that recently (within the last decade) acquired an average of 10 B chromosomes per fly. These B chromosomes are transmitted by both males and females and can be maintained for multiple generations in a wild-type genetic background despite the...

Supernumerary chromosomes are widespread in the plant kingdom but little is known of their molecular nature or mechanism of origin. We report here the initial cloning of sequences from the maize B chromosome. Our analysis suggests that many sequences are highly repetitive and shared with the normal A chromosomes. However, all clones selected for B-specificity contain at least one copy of a part...

to remove unfavorable traits of new cereal tritipyrum (2n=6x=42, aabbebeb), various crosses between primary tritipyrum lines (female) with iranian bread wheat varieties (2n=6x=42, aabbdd) was performed and a f2 selfing population consisted of 1810 possible secondary tritipyrum seeds (2n=6x=42, aabbd(0-14) eb(0-14)) were produced. the chromosome constitution and homology index of 11 plants of th...

Brachypodium distachyon is a model for the temperate cereals and grasses and has a biology, genomics infrastructure and cytogenetic platform fit for purpose. It is a member of a genus with fewer than 20 species, which have different genome sizes, basic chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. The phylogeny and interspecific relationships of this group have not to date been resolved by sequence com...