Over the past twenty years; road traffic (both passenger and freight) has grown significantly in Pakistan. Higher axle loads and repetitions have resulted in premature rutting of flexible pavements. Rutting, in the form of shear flow is a typical distress that mainly attributed to increased tire pressure, high temperature and heavy axle loads. Consequently, National Highway Authority (NHA), Pak...

We report a diverted route to [1]rotaxane and tris-branched [1]rotaxane that are devoid of any efficient template and which could not be obtained by classical straightforward strategies. The described chemical route relies on the utilization of a "macrocycle transporter", which is able first to bind a macrocycle, second to link temporarily a triazolium-containing molecular axle, and third to de...

A new [2]rotaxane host system containing nitro-isophthalamide macrocycle and polyether functionalised pyridinium axle components is prepared via clipping and stoppering synthetic methodologies using chloride anion templation. After removing the chloride anion template, (1)H NMR titration experiments reveal the unique interlocked host cavity to be highly selective for binding chloride and bromid...

In this research, Ride quality of a three-axle truck is investigated to understand its vibration specifications and influence of it on special load. The truck is Benz 2624, and the load is rather sensitive to vibrations. The system is considered for an off-road duty. Hence, the vehicle is modeled as a nineteen-degree of freedom system and its equations of motion are derived by employing Lagrang...

Abstract Some of the factors causing early damage to Indonesia’s flexible pavement system in Indonesia were allegedly caused by several things, including Equivalent axle load (EAL) equation incompatible with situation where most heavy vehicles carry overloaded loads. One effort that can be done avoid severe road is overlaid pavement. It suspected overlay on will affect shape EAL equation. This ...

Abstract Infrastructure worldwide is facing the challenge of aging bridges and increasing traffic loads. Prolonged serviceability safety these structures can be enabled by Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) methods. Knowledge actual operating loads critical for evaluation remaining service life. However, direct measurement challenging requires a significant financial investment. Bridge Weigh‐In...

Cereals combine harvester is one of the agricultural machines that works in difficult conditions and different forces are applied to its parts. The purpose this study was analyze static dynamic loads on rear axle JD955 optimize it. First, real were measured by a special electronic system stationary moving modes roads farm with various forward speeds. Then, geometric model designed CATIA softwar...