In this research a theoretical analysis is provided to evaluate the performance of an optical M-ary Pulse Position Modulation (M-PPM) taking into account the effects of Scintillation, avalanche photodiode noise, thermal noise and multi-user interference. The expression for the signal current at the output of an optical direct detection receiver with sequence inverse keying operation considering...

we have developed a novel near-infrared optical topography system that can acquire images at 10 frames per second. Sixteen laser diode sources (at 785 and 850 nm) are illuminated simultaneously, and each of 8 avalanche photodiode detectors records light from multiple sources. In this system, the contribution from each source is demultiplexed in software using fast Fourier transforms. This allow...

In the beginning of this century, a new type of detector, superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD or SSPD) joined the family of superconducting sensors and detectors. Soon, it has been turning to be one of the most important players in this family since it surpasses the semiconducting single photon detectors (APD: avalanche photodiode and PMT: photo multiplier tube) with many adv...

A multi-mesa InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) with the advantage of completely restricted electric field is proposed. The surface defects, which are reasons for sidewall leakage current generation in mesa-structure APD, theoretically studied, and then a model developed. Silvaco Atlas device simulation tool used to analyze mechanism current, effects different mesa structures on APD compared...

The avalanche photodiode (APD) is widely used in optical fibre communications (Campbell, 2007) due to its ability to achieve high internal gain at relatively high speeds and low excess noise (Wei et al., 2002), thus improving the system signal-to-noise ratio. Its internal mechanism of gain or avalanche multiplication is a result of successive impact ionisation events. In an optical receiver sys...

The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a mature photodetector concept that applied in variety of applications ranging from medical imaging to automotive LiDAR systems. Over the last few years, improvements sensor performance are gradually approaching saturation. In this work we present our new overcome intrinsic limitations planar configurations electrodes. Our non-planar technology based on foc...