T he 1985 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) introduces new concepts of capacity and level of sarvice that are, in some cases, radically different from those used in previous editions of the HCM.’ A previous article has presented and discussed these basic concepts and their implication on interpreting capacity analysis results.’ This article focuses on the three primary examples of markedly differen...

In this note, we introduce two distinct incentive mechanisms that support dynamic intra-group cooperation in the context of prisoner’s dilemma payoffs. The first mechanism involves a reward structure—a carrot—that supports both triadic and tripartite group relations. The second mechanism involves a punishment structure—a stick—that supports tripartite group relations. We also discuss how these ...

This paper proposes a profile-based sensing framework for adaptive sensor systems based on models that relate possibly heterogeneous sensor data and profiles generated by the models to detect events. With these concepts, three phases for building the sensor systems are extracted from two examples: a combustion control sensor system for an automobile engine, and a sensor system for home security...

We present a four-valued approach for recovering consistent data from inconsistent set of assertions. For a common family of knowledge-bases we also provide an eecient algorithm for doing so au-tomaticly. This method is particularly useful for making model-based diagnoses.

The operation and transit of emergency vehicles on an automated highway system (AHS) designed under the control architecture proposed in the California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) program is described. The term emergency vehicles is used in a general sense to describe vehicles, such as police cars, ambulances, and tow trucks, that may service faults inside or outside the A...

We study the evolution of an educational system founded on a hierarchical di®erentiation between vocational and general education, with vocational playing an inferior role in the society. The dynamics are best summarized by the ratio of the fraction of the population in vocational to that in general education, which we interpret as a measure of the degree of strati ̄cation of the society. We sho...

Successful face detection and facial feature extraction is crucial for for a variety of applications, including speech recognition and fatigue monitoring. Detecting and tracking faces in a moving automobile is challenging because of a variety of reasons. Among these reasons are changing poses, extreme lighting changes and shadowing. In this paper, we investigate two approaches for shadow compen...

In the article by Marottoli and colleagues [1] about automobile crashes among elderly drivers, data were collected from 283 drivers on independent variables in demographic, health, psychosocial, activity, and physical performance. However, data should have been obtained about sleep disorders that are common in elderly persons, including sleep-disordered breathing, periodic leg movements, and po...

Tang Hong-bin, Wu Yun-xin , Liao Zhi-qi 1,First College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University, Changsha,China, [email protected] 1,First Author College of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technologyy,Changsha, China, [email protected] *2,Corresponding College of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering, Central South University, Chan...

1 1. What’s New in Automotive Safety? Automobile safety technology advanced by great strides throughout the 20th century, from the first appearance of speedometers and electric headlamps, to the development of seat belts and safety glass, to the emergence of anti-lock brakes and airbags. As consumers demand safety, more and more automobile manufacturers are providing sophisticated technology, f...