We present a woman having congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old. Congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava are rare. They are seen more often in young males. If there are not other anomalies, they are latent for a long time. Peripheral venous thrombosis, chronic venous insuffic...

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is one of the most frequently congenital heart diseases in adults and it is often asymptomatic until adulthood. We report a case of a 90-year-old woman admitted to hospital with dyspnea and orthopnea insidiously progressing over the preceding 5 years and becoming severe with dyspnea on minimal activities, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, in the last 2 weeks...

Fourty-three operations were performed on a total of 41 patients consisting of atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, aortic valve stenosis, pulmonary valve stenosis and coarctation of the aorta under hypothermia using intrathoracic rewarming. All patients but 2 cases with tetralogy Fallot have been completely cur...

Among a total number of 203 patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO) who were treated by percutaneous closure, we selected 29 (19 with ASD and 10 with PFO) who fulfilled the criteria for atrial septal aneurysm. Eight patients had functional class II or III dyspnea, and 12 had a history of previous cerebrovascular accident (38%). Seven of the patients with ASD, had...

Defects in the atrial septum cause left to right shunt because the left atrial pressure is higher than that in the right atrium. This causes volume overloading of the right ventricle. While this is generally well tolerated in infancy and childhood, development of exercise intolerance and arrhythmias in later childhood and adolescence, and the risk for development of pulmonary vascular obstructi...

OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of superior septal approach and left atrial approach for mitral valve replacement. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised records of patients who had undergone isolated mitral valve replacement from May 2003 to April 2012. Cases were reviewed for the outcomes [primary: loss of normal s...

INTRODUCTION The device closure of atrial septal defects has evolved over the years. In the early days of transcatheter occlusion, balloon sizing was used to choose an appropriate sized device. We postulate that balloon sizing does not value-add to the procedure and is unnecessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who had balloon sizing, with (Group 1, n = 38) or without (Group 2, n = 21) atria...

BACKGROUND The recent introduction of the automated cardiac flow measurement (ACM) method, using spatiotemporal integration of the Doppler velocity profile, provides a quick and accurate automated calculation of cardiac output. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ACM method against oximetry during cardiac catheterisation for estimating the Qp/Qs (pulmonary to systemic flow) ratio in patients with an at...

RATIONALE High take-off of the coronary arteries is a rare cardiac anatomic anomaly, which may occur independently or with other congenital heart defects. In the clinical setting, it is noteworthy as a cause of sudden cardiac death. Further, it is vital to identify such anomalies to avoid intraoperative catastrophes in surgeries for congenital heart defects. PATIENT CONCERNS A II/6 systolic h...

Patients with an atrial septal defect (ASD) have a left to right shunt with associated complications. Currently, various imaging modalities, including echocardiography and invasive cardiac catheterization, are utilized in the management of these patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides a novel and non-invasive approach for imaging patients with ASDs. A study of vortices gener...