Sports disciplinary proceeding is the judgment process brought to agenda with decisions taken by authorized committees as a result of violation sports discipline rules. Since rules each sport are different, actions that constitute violations and penalties related them may vary. In this research, using document analysis method qualitative research methods, Turkish Athletics, Basketball Volleybal...

Claims are often made about the impact of high school athletics on academic achievement without reference to empirical research on the issue. In this paper we empirically examine the relationship between the extent to which high schools have winning sports teams, offer a variety of sports options, and facilitate student participation in athletics on schools’ overall student achievement and atta...

When I was a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania in the late 1960s, philosopher Paul Weiss published his ground-breaking book, Philosophy of Sport. I distinctly remember a review of the book from The New York Times being posted on the graduate student bulletin board under a sign with very large letters that said, “Write on this subject only if you already have tenure.” In retrosp...

We are interested in two questions on extremes relating to world records in athletics. The first question is: What is the ultimate world record in a specific athletic event (such as the 100-m race for men or the high jump for women), given today’s state of the art? Our second question is: How “good” is a current athletic world record? An answer to the second question also enables us to compare ...

The medical team to look after 107 track and field athletes and 23 officials consisted of two doctors and four physiotherapists. After two years' prior fact-finding, detailed planning for the games started many months in advance. With final team selections only four weeks before travelling, all hopefuls had to complete appropriate immunizations, fitting in with training schedules and competitio...

Questionnaires (750 respondents, 44.4% response rate) examined the long-term health value of endurance exercise training in older age-classed competitors ('Masters Athletes', 551 men and 199 women) over a 7-year period (1985-1992). The majority had initially completed maximal exercise tests. The weekly time devoted to training, competition and exercise-related travel was 10 to 30 h, and the ann...

As any voluntary movement depends on the contraction of muscles, the different techniques in the running, jumping and throwing events are very closely related to, and even depend on, neuro-muscular activity. Generally speaking,‘speedstrength’ or ‘power’ is the main form of strength required. As far as the character of muscular tension is concerned, in the sprints speed-cyclical contractions wit...

BACKGROUND The incidence rates (IRs) and factors associated with injuries in the sport of Paralympic athletics (track and field) have not been comprehensively and prospectively studied. PURPOSE To determine injury IRs, characteristics of injuries, and associated factors in the sport of athletics at the London 2012 Paralympic Games. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS ...

I Rice President Norman Hackerman and Willoughby C. Williams, general chairman of the 1971-72 Rice University Fund, spoke with about 80 students last Sunday evening in the RMC concerning university finances and their relation to the RUF. Introduced by Will Rice President Bill Starnes, Hackerman f i rs t said that the Rice financial aid program is better than all but one private institution he h...