Cycling Dof Factor (CDF) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in multiple processes related to plant growth and development. A member of this family, CDF3, has recently been linked in Arabidopsis to the regulation of primary metabolism and abiotic stress responses, but its role in crop production under stress is still unknown. In this study, we characterized tomato plants overexpressing the...

Methods for identifying species by using short orthologous DNA sequences, known as "DNA barcodes," have been proposed and initiated to facilitate biodiversity studies, identify juveniles, associate sexes, and enhance forensic analyses. The cytochrome c oxidase 1 sequence, which has been found to be widely applicable in animal barcoding, is not appropriate for most species of plants because of a...

Sad1/UNC84 (SUN) domain proteins are a highly conserved family of inner nuclear membrane localised proteins in eukaryotes. One of their main functions is as key components of nucleo-cytoskeletal bridging complexes, in which SUN proteins associate with nucleoskeletal elements. In metazoans these are the lamins, which form a supportive structural network termed the lamina. Plants lack sequence ho...

Worldwidecrop losses due to plant diseases exceed $60 billion annually. Next to fungi, viruses represent the greatest contributor to those losses, and these are transmitted in nature primarily by insects. Mexican bean beetles (Epilachna varivestis) are formidable pests of soybean, as well as efficient vectors of several soybean-infecting viruses, including Bean podmottle virus (BPMV). Beetle-bo...

Geminiviruses encapsidate single-stranded DNA genomes that replicate in plant cell nuclei through double-stranded DNA intermediates that associate with cellular histone proteins to form minichromosomes. Like most plant viruses, geminiviruses are targeted by RNA silencing and encode suppressor proteins such as AL2 and L2 to counter this defense. These related proteins can suppress silencing by m...

Membranes are an important signalling platform in plants. The plasma membrane is the point where information about the external environment must be converted into intracellular signals, while endomembranes are important sites of protein trafficking, organization, compartmentalization, and intracellular signalling. This requires co-ordinating the spatial distribution of proteins, their activatio...

Filippo Simini is a postdoctoral research associate in the Center for Complex Network Research, led by Distinguished Univeristy Professor AlbertLászló Barabási. Photo by Mary Knox Merrill. Sup !pose you held in your hands a bunch of indi !vid !uals from dif !ferent species, sort of like a minia!ture Jumanji set. You have some cows, some bac !teria, some plants, some bugs, and a whole bunch of o...

Transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The RAV transcription factors contain a B3 DNA binding domain and/or an APETALA2 (AP2) DNA binding domain. Although genome-wide analyses of RAV family genes have been performed in several species, little is known about the family in soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, a total of 13 RAV genes,...

the effect of employing clinical education associate model on clinical learning of nursing students mohammadpour y* , khalilzadeh h , habibzadezadeh h , ahangarzadeh rezaee s , rasooli d received: 22 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract background & aims: clinical teaching associate model enhances participation and collaboration between health care workers and instructors. it is essenti...

Although we always associate the oceans to blue color, other colors such as green, brown, and even yellowish can be observed. The diverse color palette presented in water bodies is due presence of colored components that interact with light water. Those are, for instance, (1) itself, which gives a oceans; (2) very tiny plants give greenish water; (3) dissolved compounds turns into brown-yellowi...