Scientific teaching requires scientifically constructed, field-tested instruments to accurately evaluate student thinking and gauge teacher effectiveness. We have developed a 23-question, multiple select-format assessment of student understanding of the essential concepts of the central dogma of molecular biology that is appropriate for all levels of undergraduate biology. Questions for the Cen...

Forests are complex ecosystems that develop over centuries through the interactions between organisms and biogeochemical cycles of elements occurring in the soil-atmosphere continuum. The biomass and structure of a forest stand is involved in several ecosystem processes and has been used as an indicator of forest health and productivity. The forest biomass is a key component of the carbon cycle...

This study investigated the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Revised (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) with regard to each instrument's utility for discriminating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from depression and social phobia in a sample of college students with mixed civilian trauma ex...

Abstract. The energy imbalance at the top of atmosphere over last century has caused an accumulation heat within ocean, continental subsurface, and cryosphere. Although ?90 % gained by climate system been stored in other components Earth inventory cannot be neglected due to their influence on associated processes dependent storage, such as sea level rise permafrost stability. However, there not...