It is well known that English sentences containing bare plurals (henceforth BPs) are ambiguous. Under one reading, they can be interpreted as a predication of some property directly of a kind, as in (1a), which says that the kind dog is extinct. Alternatively, they can express some characterizing property of instances of a kind, as in (1b), which says that, in general, individual dogs are intel...

This paper uses a theoretical model of cooperative learning to examine the survivability of communities of learners. A primary assumption in this article is that individualbased learning tends to use local information to increase an individual’s “fitness” while collaborative learning, based on the sharing of information, knowledge, and resources, increases group fitness. We frame our discussion...

Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 98, No. 14, July 19, 2006 NEWS 959 infl ammation is more important in cancers that occur later in a man’s life. “ For better or worse, aging is like a slow castration process. Our endogenous hormones, particularly our anabolic hormones like testosterone and insulin-like growth factor, decline, ” said Willett, while presenting the hypothesis at the ...

O ne cannot go past the achievements of the winners of the Ig Nobel awards when it comes to service to medicine and science. The Igs are intended to celebrate unusual and imaginative research and are awarded annually by the science humour magazine Annals of Improbable Research. The aim is to make people think and laugh, and along the way it may spur people’s interest in science, medicine, and t...

In a recent article, Wallen and Lloyd (2008) conclude that clitoral structures are not under direct selection and state that the data on clitoral length variation instead support suggestions that female orgasm in humans is not adaptive; by adaptive they seem to mean subject to selection rather than only subject to natural selection. Their conclusions are reached because (1) in comparison to mal...

Usernames are ubiquitous on the Internet, and they are often suggestive of user demographics. This work looks at the degree to which gender and language can be inferred from a username alone by making use of unsupervised morphology induction to decompose usernames into sub-units. Experimental results on the two tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed morphological features compared ...

the late ‘allāma viewed knowledge (‘ilm) as an existential entity and agreed with ṣadr al-muti’allihīn in this respect, saying that knowledge is the presence of an object for an object, i.e. achievement of knowledge for a knower is the achievement of a de facto entity which is pure actuality; since, intuitively, we find that the cognitive form does not have the power to transform into another f...