External pacemakers (PM) via temporary epicardial leads are routinely applied to infants and children during heart surgery, which usually, after an uneventful post surgical course, can be removed without complications. We report about two infants with complex congenital heart defects after cardiac surgery (arterial switch and Mustard operation for Transposition of the great arteries). Intraoper...

The specialty of cardiac surgery has evolved substantially over the last 50 years, and surgical procedures that seemed impossible then are now commonly encountered in hospitals throughout the world. The latest development in this ever-evolving field is minimally invasive and robot-assisted procedures. In this article we will review the surgical outcomes reported for different series of procedur...

Experiments were performed on the anesthetized dog to determine the accuracy of the widely used Fick procedure. Cardiac output values, recorded by an optical rotameter, served as a reliable standard for comparison. Under the conditions of these experiments, comparisons showed excellent agreement. The average variation between the two series of the measurements was ±5 per cent. Twelve of thirtee...

Recent data suggest GPs contribute to successful resuscitation of cardiac arrests in the community. This paper examines uptake of Immediate Care training by GPs over a 12 year period. Data was collated on all courses and attenders (2002-2013). 244 cardiac, trauma and paediatric courses were held with 4247 attendances by 2069 individuals, including 1790 (86.5%) doctors. Of these 1648 (92.1% of a...

Methods The ProMRI study, a multicenter prospective trial of an MRI conditional pacemaker (PM), was approved by local institutional review boards (IRB) and all patients provided written informed consent. Patients underwent head and lumbar and cardiac or thoracic MRIs under 1.5-T conditions and five underwent additional clinical MRI exams. Discrete PM parameters, including chamber pacing capture...

OBJECTIVES Assessment of perioperative risk of elderly patients in cardiac surgery is difficult, and most of the common risk scores show over- or underestimation. Two frailty scores, the comprehensive assessment of frailty (CAF) score and the Frailty predicts death One yeaR after CArdiac Surgery Test (FORECAST), were developed as additional tools to estimate the preoperative mortality risk, tak...

Recent developments in cardiac pacemaker design have significantly improved the quality of life for thousands suffering with cardiac arrhythmia in England. This three month summer internship has been focused upon creating an ECG detection algorithm to be applied to patient data and simulating the dual-sensing, dual-pacing, rate-adaptive (DDR) pacemaker. By implementing a QT-interval-sensor, the...

• Since the early studies by Hamilton, Werko, and Doyle, and their colleagues, a variety of indicator dilution techniques have been developed for measuring the cardiac output in man. The most widely accepted have been those requiring the use of the continuously recording cuvette densitometer." Numerous studies have appeared to demonstrate close correlation of values by the Hamilton and by the s...

1. List the most common residual cardiac defects following repair of tetralogy of Fallot. 2. Discuss the natural and modified history of tetralogy of Fallot following various repairs. 3. Assess the relevant perioperative issues in the child with repaired tetralogy of Fallot undergoing non-cardiac surgery. 4. List the most appropriate methods/modalities used to assess cardiac function in the pat...