Dr. Askins was born in Clonmore, County Carlcw, Ireland, in 1880. He received his medical education at Trinity College, Dublin, and graduated M.B., Ch.B., B.A.O., at Dublin University in 1907 (First Class Honourman and First Place Final Medical Examination). Later he gained the Cambridge Diploma in Public Health and the degrees of M.A. and M.D. at Dublin University. He was also a barrister-at-l...

As in the case of BPP, we can reduce the error probability of any MA protocol to be less than an inverse exponential in the input size. Here’s how. Let L ∈ MA be any language. Let R(x, y, z) be a polytime relation for L such that, for every x ∈ L, there is a y with Prz[R(x, y, z) = 1] ≥ 3/4; and for every x 6∈ L, for every y, it holds that Prz[R(x, y, z) = 1] ≤ 1/4. Consider a new protocol wher...

This paper investigates the role of interaction and coins in public-coin quantum interactive proof systems (also called quantum Arthur-Merlin games). While prior works focused on classical public coins even in the quantum setting, the present work introduces a generalized version of quantum Arthur-Merlin games where the public coins can be quantum as well: the verifier can send not only random ...

Computational complexity studies the resources required for computers to solve certain problems; deciding satisfiability of Boolean formulas is one of the most fundamental such problems. This thesis proves lower bounds on the time and memory space required to solve satisfiability and related problems on randomized machines. We establish the first randomized time-space lower bounds for the probl...

This paper describes Arthur, a World Wide Web-based instruction system that provides adaptive instruction to accommodate learning style in order to achieve a significant difference when technology is applied to instruction. The design of Arthur is discussed, including considerations related to the learning experience, adapting instruction, and learner models using case-based reasoning. System i...

4288 The Journal of Clinical Investigation http://www.jci.org Volume 122 Number 11 November 2012 1. Robbins DC, Tager HS, Rubenstein AH. Biologic and clinical importance of proinsulin. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(18):1165–1175. 2. Steiner DF, Rubenstein AH. Recent studies on the biosynthesis, secretion and metabolism of proinsulin and C-peptide. In: Musacchia XJ, Breitenbach RP, eds. Proceedings of ...

The following vignettes highlight the recipients of 2021 Arthur C. Cope Award and Scholar Awards, presented by American Chemical Society. Vignettes for rest ACS National were published in Jan. 4 issue C&EN. Recipients Awards will be honored at a ceremony fall 2021. John F. Hartwig Sponsor: Fund Citation: For discovery, development, mechanistic elucidation practical reactions catalyzed transitio...

Forty years ago, a Japanese press release issued on the occasion of a visit by Arthur Kornberg called him the “father of life in a test tube.” This was in reference to his laboratory’s 1967 feat of copying single-stranded circular DNA into a replicative form and then back to an infectious viral DNA strand using purified DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (Figure 1, left panel). Although a somewhat e...

Arthur Wilfrid Adams died on 9th December, 1974, aged 82 years. He was a Bristolian, the son of Avery Adams, who was for many years Secretary to Bristol Education Committee and a well known local artist. Wiilfrid was educated at Clifton College and then studied medicine lin Bristol and at 'the London Hospital qualifying M.B., BjS. (London) in 1916. After service with (the RAMC 'in the First Wor...