Introduction ‘Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it’, said Mark Twain. But this famous quote is decidedly inaccurate: people have long contemplated weather modification, and both adapt or adjust to weather conditions, and move towards or away from certain climatic regimes. Southern Africa generally has a high coefficient of rainfall variation, making droughts a fr...

Few systematic studies have been carried out on integrated N balance in extremely arid oasis agricultural areas. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the N input and output balances under long-term fertilization conditions. Five treatments were chosen, namely CK (no fertilizer), NPK, NPKS (10% straw return N and 90% chemical N), NPKM (one third urea-N, two thirds sheep manure) ...

due to increasing importance of desertification challenges and its consequences the necessity of sustainabledevelopment achievement in arid and semi-arid regions is essential in order to avoid limited sources asting, increase the efficiency of controlling, reclamation and restoration projects of natural areas. based on the iterature review, it has been recognized that combating desertification ...

[1] Hydrological and aeolian processes redistribute sediments and nutrients within arid landscapes with important effects on the composition and structure of vegetation. Despite the relevance of wind and water erosion to the dynamics of arid and semiarid ecosystems, the interactions between these two processes remain poorly understood. In this paper we present the results of an intensive set of...

The annual cycles of soil moisture and NO2 have been analysed across the climate zones of West Africa using two satellite data sets (OMI on AURA and ASCAT on MetOp-A). Exploring the sources and sinks for NO2 it is clear that the densely populated urban cities including Lagos and Abuja had the highest mean NO2 concentrations (>1.8 × 10 15 molecules cm -2 ) indicative of the anthropogenic urban e...

abstract agriculture is the largest consumer of water resources in iran. one of the best options for increasing the irrigation efficiency and better application of precipitation in arid and semi-arid areas is employing of superabsorbent polymers to soil. polymers can absorb rain and irrigation water, decrease deep percolation and increase water use efficiency. in order to investigate the effect...