this paper investigate iranian tourism demand to malaysia using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ardl) ‘bound test’ approach to cointegration for 2000:q1 to 2013:q4. the demand for tourism has been explained by macroeconomic variables, including income in iran, tourism prices in malaysia, tourism price substitute, travel cost and trade value between iran and malaysia. in a...

This study aims to determine the relationship between exports, foreign debt payments, and exchange rates on reserves of Indonesia in 1988-2019. uses secondary data for 31 years Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis method analyze data. The results this indicate that all variables have no variables, only exports. In short-term testing, export does not a significant effect reserves, paym...

Bu çalışmada 2004-2017 dönemi için yıllık veriler kullanılarak Türkiye’de 26 Düzey-2 bölgelerinde kamu yatırım harcaması ve işsizlik oranı arasındaki ilişki panel ARDL yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Yatay kesit bağımlılığı birim kök testlerinin ardından yapılan Eşbütünleşme testi ARDL-PMG tahmincisi sonuçlarına göre harcamaları arasında uzun dönemli bir tespit edilmiştir. Buna harcamasındaki %1’li...

T he study seeks to investigate both linear and nonlinear effects of oil price movement on critical macroeconomic variables (output, price and exchange rate) in Nigeria using ARDL modeling approach. Previous studies substantially relied on linear methods using VAR approach to unravel this links without a clear conclusion. In an attempt to seek better results in this study, we employ both l...

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The motivation of the study is to gauge impact financial development, FDI, Technological innovation, and good governance on environmental degradation in Arab Nation for period 1991–2019. Several techniques have implemented, including error correction-based cointegration, cross-sectional ARDL, Non-linear ARDL Heterogeneous causality test directional causality. results Slope homogeneity, CSD unit...