as the achievement and an invaluable index of the iranian culture, ayvan (known also as eyvan) has been the subject of many pieces of research by architects, archaeologists and art historians for almost a century. although it is a conventional space for the researchers, ayvan is widely unknown and neglected. to be recognized as it deserves and to understand its origin, shape, concept, and funct...

Introduction: Accidental hypothermia occurs very rarely. Japan experienced hypothermic victims in the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster. In northern Japan, where largest class of earthquakes tsunamis are estimated, study for countermeasures has been advanced. The progression varies significantly by individual differences environmental factors, it is considered to be challenging assess its da...