The ability to silence the activity of genetically specified neurons in a temporally precise fashion would open up the ability to investigate the causal role of specific cell classes in neural computations, behaviors, and pathologies. Here we show that members of the class of light-driven outward proton pumps can mediate very powerful, safe, multiple-color silencing of neural activity. The gene...

BACKGROUND In-shoe foot orthoses improve conditions such as plantar heel pain (fasciitis), probably due to their ability to raise the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and lower the stress on the plantar tissues. Increasingly the arch-profile form of the in-shoe foot orthosis is being incorporated into sandal footwear, providing an alternative footwear option for those who require an orthosi...

conclusions the axillary arch variation is very clinically important, because it may entrap and implicate the neurovascular bundle. also it is important for surgeons during operation, so they need to be aware of possible presence of such variations. case presentation during routine dissection, we encountered an aberrant slip of muscle and fascia expanded from latissimus dorsi to pectoralis majo...

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study is that NiTi esthetic arch wires are preferred to match estheticbraces; but the presence coating layer greatly affect friction during sliding mechanics.The aims were evaluate load deflection and influence surface roughness with thecoating material types on frictional force coated nickel titanium wires.Method: sample consisted 90 segments uncoated Ni...

Monitoring the degradation of dynamic elastic modulus (Ed) concrete is great importance to track durability deterioration for hydraulic structures. For aqueduct under investigation in this study, bent frames and moment frame supports (Ed-frame), arch trusses (Ed-arch) shear stiffnesses asphaltic bearings U-shaped flumes (Kflume) are main parameters define behavior structure, which have direct c...

conclusions this study shows that simultaneous arch osteotomy and coronoidectomy may be an appropriate treatment procedure for zygomatico-coronoid interference. introduction zygomatico-coronoid interference is a rare type of mandibular extracapsular ankylosis. there is a lack of information on the treatment of these cases in the literature. condylectomy and coronoidectomy are not always the bes...